The invention discloses a method for finishing a cotton cloth bandage through antibacterial antifouling micro-capsules. A finishing agent with low-surface-energy, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionizedwater are sufficiently mixed, after glacial acetic acid is dropped for hydrolysis, the cotton cloth bandage treated by alkali decrement is soaked with the mixture, and water bath oscillation is performed to obtain the cotton cloth bandage treated by fluoroalkyl silane; an arabic gum powder solution is added into barbaloin std-graphene oxide-glycine betaine composite gel to be stirred and dissolved, a water-soluble chitosan solution is dropped, magnetic stirring is performed in a constant temperature water bath, distilled water of the same temperature and same volume is added and mixed to be uniform, constant temperature stirring and composite cohesion are performed, cooling is performed, glutaraldehyde is added for a cross linking curing reaction, standing filtering and vacuum freeze drying are performed to obtain antibacterial antifouling micro-capsules; the antibacterial antifouling micro-capsules are added into water, magnetic stirring is performed in the water bath, a penetrant isadded to obtain an antibacterial antifouling finishing solution, and the cotton cloth bandage treated by fluoroalkyl silane is subjected to dipping, rolling, secondary dipping, secondary rolling, pre-baking, baking, soaping, washing and natural drying in the finishing solution to obtain the cotton cloth bandage obtained after antibacterial antifouling finishing.