84results about How to "Smooth and precise control" patented technology

An exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system for projecting a pattern on a reticle onto a substrate, the projection optical system including an optical element closest to the substrate, an illumination optical system for illuminating the reticle using light from a light source, and a temperature controller for controlling a temperature of the optical element and thereby a temperature of a fluid that is filled in a space between the optical element in the projection optical system and the substrate, the exposure apparatus exposing the substrate via said projection optical system and the fluid.

A fixing device includes a heat conductive member; a flexible fixing belt looped around the heat conductive member, an inner circumference of the flexible fixing belt slidably contacting a portion of an outer circumferential surface of the heat conductive member; a rotary pressing member disposed opposing the heat conductive member; heat sources disposed in a circumferential direction of the fixing belt at a predetermined interval to heat the heat conductive member; and temperature detectors provided to detect a surface temperature of the fixing belt at a detection position at which heating intensity of a corresponding one of the heat sources is not affected by any other one. In operation, the inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt contacts the heat conductive member at a position at which each temperature detector contacts the fixing belt as the detection position or a position proximal to the detection position of each temperature detector.

Provided is a wavelength tunable external cavity semiconductor laser module by a thermo-optic effect of a semiconductor optical waveguide. The wavelength tunable external cavity semiconductor laser module includes: a light source generating wideband light; a semiconductor optical waveguide having one end optically coupled to the light source; a Bragg grating formed on the optical waveguide; a thin film heater provided at an upper portion of the Bragg grating and controlling a reflection band of the Bragg grating by a thermo-electric effect; a first temperature sensor provided at an upper portion of the optical waveguide; a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) provided at a lower portion of the optical waveguide; a heat insulating layer provided between the optical waveguide and the TEC; and an optical fiber optically coupled to the other end of the optical waveguide.

An electromechanical drive system with drop-in capability allows manipulation of the majority of existing endoscopes. The invention does not require retrofitting of existing endoscopes and maintains the current clinical workflow. The drive system can be controlled through a human / machine interface, which could consist of a variety of different input devices, including a joystick, keyboard, or game controller.

A motor controller architecture and method of operating the same. The motor controller includes a function for estimating the low speed operation of the motor, for example by evaluating the response to a periodic excitation signal injected into the control loop of the controller architecture. A periodic excitation signal in the form of a square wave allows for analysis of the response of the motor without requiring demodulation, which allows the frequency of the excitation signal to be above the audible range. Control logic for controlling the motor at transitional speeds between low speed control and high speed (back emf) control is provided in some embodiments.

A driving mechanism comprises: (i) an actuator comprising: an electro-mechanical conversion element; a driving member which is connected to one end of the electro-mechanical conversion element and moves according to elongation or contraction of the electro-mechanical conversion element; and a weight member provided on the other end of the electro-mechanical conversion element; (ii) a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving member; and (iii) a driving circuit that drives the actuator, wherein the actuator allows the driven member to move along the driving member, and the driving circuit drives the electro-mechanical conversion element at a driving frequency f which gives f≧21 / 2·f0 when resonance frequency of a 1-freedom system is f0 in which the electro-mechanical conversion element and the driving member are designated as a mass and the weight member is designated as a spring, and driving frequency of the electro-mechanical conversion element is f.

A variable square-wave drive device for controlling square waves using feedback- and bias-control methods. The variable square-wave drive device includes an oscillator for generating a clock pulse; a frequency-divider / duty controller for frequency-dividing the clock pulse received from the oscillator to generate a clock signal and a square-wave signal; a drive for amplifying the square-wave signal received from the frequency-divider / duty controller according to a bias voltage, generating first and second square-wave signals having opposite phases, and outputting the first and second square-wave signals as a square-wave drive signal; a feedback controller for comparing a predetermined voltage variable determined by a user with the bias voltage of the drive to generate a comparison result signal; a switching controller for generating a switching signal upon receiving the comparison result signal from the feedback controller; and a bias voltage regulator for charging / discharging the input voltage according to the switching signal received from the switching controller so that it can adjust the bias voltage of the drive.

This accumulating fuel injection apparatus is provided with a needle valve 6 adapted to open and close an injection nozzle 11 having injection ports 14 in a lower end portion thereof, a balancing chamber 5 formed in a casing 2 so as to apply a fuel pressure to a head portion of the needle valve 6, a supply passage including a slit 10 and used for supplying a fuel from a fuel supply port 19 to the balancing chamber 5, a discharge passage 20 comprising an orifice for discharging the fuel from the balancing chamber 5, and a solenoid valve 22 adapted to open and close the discharge passage 20, the lift of a valve disc 26 of the solenoid valve 22 is controlled by a lift control means comprising a stopper 28 the position of which is controlled by a lift control mechanism 23. The opening area of the discharge passage 20 comprising an orifice increases and decreases in accordance with the lift of the valve disc 26, and the lift of the needle valve 6 is determined so that the opening area of the slit 10 facing the interior of the balancing chamber 5 increases and decreases correspondingly to the flow rate of the fuel passing through the discharge passage 20, the degree of opening of the injection nozzle 11 increasing and decreasing accordingly.

A device for closed-loop control of a plurality of state variables of a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. In order to achieve stable and exact closed-loop control of the plurality of state variables, a multi-variable control / controller controls the plurality of state variables and uses a linear quadratic controller for this multi-variable control / controller.

The embodiment of the invention discloses an unmanned vehicle control method, apparatus and device and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of: determining the speed of a vehicle and the current position of the vehicle; determining the deviation of the current position relative to a set driving path; determining a PID parameter set corresponding to the speed of the vehicle; inputting the PID parameter set and the deviation into the PID controller to obtain output PID control amount; and according to the PID control amount, determining the control angle of a steering wheel in the vehicle, and outputting the control angle to the steering wheel. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the overshoot or following errors of the vehicle in differentspeeds and is more accurate and stable for vehicle control.

The present invention provides an optical transmitter that compensates the thermal tracking error. The transmitter comprises a temperature feedback loop including temperature controller that controls the temperature of the laser diode to coincide with the reference temperature by the thermo-electric device. The reference temperature reflects the thermal tracking error that depends on the ambient temperature and that of the target temperature of the laser diode. The transmitter installs a lookup table for providing the reference temperature. The lookup table is rewritten taking the long-term deterioration of the laser diode into account, which is reflected in the increase of the bias current and the forward voltage of the laser diode.

Provided is a method for controlling a magnet type fan clutch, by which method engine performance, fuel efficiency, engine life, vehicle acceleration capability and other properties of a magnet type fan clutch can be further improved and its fan noise can be further reduced. This method is adopted for controlling a magnet type fan clutch which includes a magnet coupling, an electromagnetic clutch combined with the magnet coupling to control the on / off switching of the magnet coupling, and a fan attached to the magnet coupling. The control method is characterized in that the electromagnetic clutch is turned on or off based on at least one signal of temperatures of radiator coolant, engine oil and transmission oil, a vehicle speed, a rotational speed of an engine, compressor pressure of an air conditioner, and an on / off signal of the air conditioner, etc., so as to control the rotation of the fan.

A PWM output apparatus includes a calculating circuit configured to calculate an output width of a PWM output signal of a first signal and a second signal, which have phases different from each other, based on a command value of a PWM output. A comparing circuit compares the output width and a reference period which is set longer than a predetermined dead time period. A PWM output signal generating circuit outputs the PWM output signal to a dead time inserting block as a corrected PWM output signal, when a set / clear signal generating circuit outputs the set signal, and carries out a correction of setting the first signal of the PWM output signal to be inactive to output to the dead time inserting block as the corrected PWM output signal, when the set / clear circuit outputs the clear signal. The dead time inserting block corrects the corrected PWM output signal.

A fluid system, a control valve therefor, and a method of its operation are provided. The fluid system includes a piping run, and a control valve which includes: a housing having an inlet connected to the piping run, an outlet connected to the piping run, and a pressure port; and a elastomeric tube disposed inside the housing, the tube having a flow passage extending therethrough which is in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet. An outer surface of the tube and the housing cooperatively define a pressure chamber which is in fluid communication solely with the pressure port, A source of controlled fluid pressure is connected to the pressure port to modulate flow in the tube. The tube is sized and the valve is operated so as to provide accurate flow rate control.

A liquid crystal projector comprises first, second and third liquid crystal panels having corresponding light sources, namely a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source, wherein the red light source. The light sources are preferably Semi-conductor generated light arrays. The projector further includes a dichroic prism for superimposing the red, green and blue image displays, and a projection lens for projecting a full-color image beam formed by the dichroic prism. In order to control the intensity of the light sources, a pulse modulating means is coupled to each of the Semi-conductor generated light arrays, the pulse modulating means being operable to independently switch each of the light sources between an on state and an off state at a selectable repetition rate. An embedded processor is coupled to the pulse modulating means, wherein the processor is operable to control the selectable repetition rates hereby the relative brightness of each of the red, green and blue light sources can be independently and selectively varied. The invention also discloses a method for providing a precise visual stimulus for any environment.

A time-division multiplexing radio system controls transmission power based on an adjacent-channel leakage power ratio with precision and stability. The system has a directional coupler arranged at an output stage of a power amplifier in a transmitter and that has outputs directed to an antenna and a receiver, and a reception RF switch arranged at an input stage of a frequency converter in a receiver and that has inputs directed to the antenna and the coupler. Under transmission, the switch is switched over to the coupler so that the receiver receives the present channel to detect transmission power thereof. Also the receiver is set to receive an adjacent channel under transmission, so that adjacent-channel leakage power is detected. Based on those pieces of detected information, the ratio is calculated. To make the power ratio meet a specified condition, the transmission power of the transmitter is controlled.

The invention relates to a hill-start assist control method for an electric automobile. The hill-start assist control method for the electric automobile comprises the following steps of detecting theworking state of an automobile during starting; judging the gear and the foot brake state of the automobile; detecting motor feedback speed of the automobile; determining the control process accordingto the motor feedback speed; if the motor feedback speed is negative, recording the actual time needed by the automobile to pass through a system default distance; controlling output command torque according to the actual time and controlling the automobile to start on the basis of the output command torque. According to the hill-start assist control method for the electric automobile, differentoutput torques can be adjusted according to known automobile situations of different loads and different slopes by using the hill-start assist control method for the electric automobile to control theelectric automobile to start; therefore, phenomenons that excessive rushing of the automobile may be caused under situations of small hills and small loads by using only one set of PI parameters andthe slope sliding distance is increased due to insufficient force under situations of big hills and large loads to cause dangers for following automobiles if only one set of PI parameters are adoptedare improved; and the safety of the automobile is improved.

The invention provides a comprehensive test and control system for an engine bench based on a CAN bus. The system comprises an engine, a dynamometer coaxially connected with the engine and applying adamping moment to the engine, a throttle for controlling the engine power, a lower computer and an upper computer communicates bidirectionally with the lower computer through the CAN bus, the lower computer includes a policy module, the policy module includes multiple control strategies, some of the control strategies adopt a PID control algorithm adopting increment to control the engine speed andtorque of the engine by adjusting the throttle opening of the engine and the excitation of the dynamometer, the remaining control strategies adopting a fuzzy PID control algorithm to adjust the throttle opening of the engine and the excitation of the dynamometer so as to control the speed and torque of the engine, and the upper computer is connected with the policy module to write a control program to the policy module to cause the policy module to execute the corresponding control strategies.

The invention provides extra-high-voltage cooling shielding clothes for live working. The shielding clothes comprise a shielding clothes body, cooling assemblies arranged on the shielding clothes body, and a detecting unit. The shielding clothes body comprises a conduction outer lining, a cooling inner lining, and a ventilating layer sandwiched between the conduction outer lining and the cooling inner lining. The number of the cooling assemblies is at least four. Each cooling assembly comprises one air guide opening and a minitype fan connected with the air guide opening, and the air guide openings are formed in the same position on the shielding clothes body. The shielding clothes are convenient to assemble and disassemble without damaging the whole shielding efficiency of the shielding clothes; while the electric integrity of the shielding clothes is ensured, air volume is conveyed uniformly, and effective cooling is ensured; meanwhile, mobility of airflow is improved, the coverage area is increased, and the temperature of the human body under the high-temperature condition is reduced effectively by means of evaporation of sweat; the situation that due to the unsmooth airflow, the clothes are fluffy and swell, and inconvenience is brought to operation of an operator is avoided, and the safety of equipment and the personal safety of the operator are ensured.

An injection molding machine comprises a pre-pressure addition means 2 adding a pre-pressure B acting in the opposite direction of a molding material pressure A received by a screw 1 to a detection means 3 and / or the screw 1, the detection means 3 detecting the axial pressures A and B of the screw, and a screw movement control means 4 controlling the axial pressure based on a different between the pre-pressure B and the molding material pressure A, wherein the pre-pressure addition means 2 is made non-contact with the direction means 3, a forward and backward driving motor 17 is disposed adjacent to a heating cylinder 10, and a screw connector 21 at the rear end of the screw 1 is spline-connected inside a rotating rotor of a screw rotating motor 12. According to the machine, the molding material pressure received by the screw can be accurately detected without being affected by the wear of the machine so as to properly control the axial pressure of the screw and to make the machine compact.

The invention discloses a supercritical fluid conveying device which comprises a gas source control device, a pressurization control device, a storage device and an electric control device. The gas source control device mainly comprises a gas source, a gas inlet pressure meter and a gas inlet on-off electromagnetic valve. The pressurization control device mainly comprises a low-noise air compressor, a filtering-pressure reduction-gas source triple piece, an air pressure meter, an on-off electromagnetic valve, a pressurization pump, a high-pressure pressure meter and a check valve. The storage device mainly comprises a high-pressure gas storage tank, a pressure sensor, an overpressure overflow electromagnetic valve and a check valve; the electric control device realizes the control over the whole system mainly by means of an integrated control panel. The supercritical fluid conveying device has the advantage that a supercritical fluid can be stably conveyed and controlled and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

A state controller, in order to output a desired steam temperature as a controlled variable, feeds back several steam states in a superheater for superheating steam using a monitor, which calculates the steam states, and the desired steam temperature is forwarded to a further controller for controlling the temperature. In order to achieve a stable and accurate control of the steam temperature, it is proposed that the state controller be a linear quadratic controller.

In a method of controlling an injection molding machine M which controls specified operational processes in a molding cycle by variably controlling the rotation speed of a driving motor 3 in a hydraulic pump 2 and driving a specified hydraulic actuators 4a, 4b, . . . , in lowering the pressure Pd of the operational process to a specified pressure Pn, the pressure Pd is forcibly lowered by controlling the driving motor 3 in reverse rotation.

An electromechanical drive system with drop-in capability allows manipulation of the majority of existing endoscopes. The invention does not require retrofitting of existing endoscopes and maintains the current clinical workflow. The drive system can be controlled through a human / machine interface, which could consist of a variety of different input devices, including a joystick, keyboard, or game controller.

A motor controller includes DC motor, driving mechanism, voltage generator circuit and control unit. The driving mechanism moves an object having a predetermined mass against a load applied to the object and by transmitting a rotational force of the motor to the object. The voltage generator circuit generates first and second voltages. The first voltage is high enough to rotate the motor to such a degree as to get the object moved by the driving mechanism. The second voltage has the same polarity as the first voltage and has such amplitude as to prevent the motor from rotating either in a backward direction due to a cogging torque or in a forward direction. The control unit controls the voltage generator circuit in such a manner that the voltage generator circuit applies the second voltage to the motor after having applied the first voltage to the motor.