The invention relates to the technical field of pulping and papermaking, in particular to a clean pulp preparation process for high-whiteness and high-strength chemical straw pulp. The process comprises the following steps of: adding water, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and metal ion chelating agent into a straw raw material, performing heat preservation at the temperature of between 70 and 80 DEG C, and obtaining cooking liquor; and adding water, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and metal ion chelating agent into the cooking liquor, performing heat preservation at the temperature of between 90 and 95 DEG C to finish second cooking, performing stock screening, pulping, and thus obtaining the chemical straw pulp. The pulp prepared by the process has whiteness and high strength, and the pulp preparation cost is low; the produced pulp does not need subsequent treatment such as washing and bleaching, but the whiteness and the strength of the pulp reach relatively high standards, and no black liquor is discharged; massive water resource and energy consumption are saved, and the waste liquor can be recycled or directly discharged and has very low pollution to the environment; and because wheat straw, rice straw, sorghum stem, sugarcane bagasse, reed, Chinese alpine rush or the like is used as the raw material, the pulp preparation process is particularly suitable to be adopted by medium and small papermaking plants of China.