The invention discloses a cooling after rolling method for high-weather fastness hot-rolled H-steel with yield strength up to 550MPa. The high-weather fastness hot-rolled H-steel with the yield strength up to 550MPa comprises the following components in weight percentage: 0.06-0.12 percent of C, 0.30-0.60 percent of Si, 1.25-1.50 percent of Mn, 0.010-0.030 percent of P, 0.001-0.015 percent of S, 0.20-0.35 percent of Cu, 0.20-0.40 percent of Cr, 0.15-0.30 percent of Ni, 0.10-0.12 percent of V, 0.008-0.014 percent of N, 0.003-0.030 percent of Als and the balance of ferrum and residual trace impurities. An H-steel rolling process comprises the following steps of: heating a casting blank in a heating furnace, rolling by a roughing mill, rolling by a universal rolling mill, and performing two-stage rapid cooling after rolling is ended. According to the cooling after rolling method for the high-weather fastness hot-rolled H-steel with the yield strength up to 550MPa, through adopting a two-stage rapid cooling method after hot rolling is performed on the H-steel and by utilizing a refined crystalline strengthening mechanism, a precipitation strengthening mechanism and a phase change strengthening mechanism, an H-steel texture which is provided with single-phase bainite on the surface layer, is of a multiphase structure inside and has fine grains is obtained, thereby, the additive amount of alloying elements is reduced, the production cost is obviously reduced, the welding performance of the steel is improved, and the production efficiency is increased.