The invention discloses a laser capable of outputting a single longitudinal mode laser beam, and a light output control method thereof, having strong anti-interference ability and high energy output stability of the system and without affecting the single longitudinal mode effect by the aging of the pump xenon lamp. The laser is sequentially provided with a total reflection mirror, a small aperture diaphragm, a Q-switching component, a polarizing plate, a first quarter-wave wave plate, a laser gain medium, a second quarter-wave plate, and an output mode selection component along the laser transmission direction; and the Q-switching component is any of a passive Q-switching crystal, a pressurized photoelectric Q-switch with an optical feedback control circuit, and a de-voltage photoelectricQ-switch with an optical feedback control circuit. In the invention, the single longitudinal mode laser energy output by the xenon lamp pump laser is nearly 100 times higher than that of the semiconductor pump, the energy amplification is easier with a strong technical advantage; the selected mode output component may be used to drastically reduce the number of longitudinal modes in the resonantcavity, and the number of longitudinal modes falling within the fluorescence line of the gain medium is less, thereby facilitating the formation of a single longitudinal mode.