The invention discloses a copper catalyst system for sonogashira coupling reaction. The copper catalyst system comprises copper salt, phosphine ligands and inorganic alkaline according to a mol ratio of 1: (50000-200000): (200000-1000000), wherein the copper salt is selected from one kind of materials or a mixture of more than one kind of materials from copper iodide, copper acetylacetonate, copper bromide, copper sulfate and copper powder, and the phosphine ligands are trivalent phosphine ligands. The invention discloses the novel copper catalyst system for sonogashira coupling reaction. Compared with the existing noble-metal-containing catalyst system, the catalyst system has the advantages that the cheap copper salt is used for replacing the noble metal, the cost is greatly reduced, inaddition, the environmental-friendly water can be adopted as reaction solvents, the environment is favorably protected, the cost is favorably saved, and the reaction also obtains great progress in green chemistry.