The invention discloses a system and a method for carrying out security protection on phone information based on the coincidence of fingerprint and navigation keys. The system comprises an upper phone cover, a bottom phone cover, and a main circuit board, wherein the main circuit board is arranged between the upper phone cover and the bottom phone cover, the main circuit board is provided with a navigation key, the navigation key is provided with a fingerprint acquisitor, and the fingerprint acquisitor is correspondingly arranged in a key hole of the upper phone cover. Compared with the prior art, the system and method disclosed by the invention have the advantages that: through setting a navigation operation key and a fingerprint identification key of a smart phone as an operation key, when a user of the phone carries out operation through fingerprints, the fingerprints of the user are identified, thereby not only ensuring the identification on the identity of the user and realizing the information security, but also avoiding verbose phone operations, so that the user realizes two modes (namely, security authentication and phone operation) through an action, in such a way, the operation efficiency of the phone is improved, and the information security is ensured.