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Methods and compositions for performing RNA interference with decreased off-target effects are provided The methods and compositions permit effective and efficient applications of RNA interference to applications such as diagnostics and therapeutics through the use of modifications to the siRNA. Uniquely modified siRNAs have been developed that reduce off-target effects incurred in gene-silencing. The modifications comprise 2′-O-alkyl or mismatch modification(s) at specific positions on the sense and/or antisense strands.

The invention discloses a SERS biological probe and a preparation method thereof. The SERS biological probe provided by the invention comprises a SiO2 core and a metal nanoparticle layer on the surface of the SiO2 core, wherein a plurality of Raman signal molecules connected with the metal nanoparticle layer; a SiO2 layer is also provided outside the metal nanoparticle layer; the Raman signal molecules are positioned between the metal nanoparticle layer and the SiO2 layer; the SiO2 layer surface is modified with biological probe molecules; and the metal nanoparticle layer is Au nanoparticle layer or Ag nanoparticle layer. The SERS biological probe provided by the invention has wide generality, and has wide application prospect in identification and detection of biological molecules (DNA molecules and protein molecules), rapid disease diagnosis, biomedical imaging technology as well as in the fields of serious disease treatment, food hygiene, environmental monitoring, etc.

The invention discloses a 1,3,5-triazine derivative. The derivative is a compound with a structure of a formula I. The compound of the formula I can emit high-efficiency blue fluorescence and meanwhile has higher triplet state energy; so that the compound of the formula 1 can sensitize green and red phosphorescent doped materials while emitting the high-efficiency blue fluorescence, so that the technological conditions for preparing WOLEDs (White Organic Light Emitting Diode) are met. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the compound of the formula 1 and application in preparation of the white light organic electroluminescent diode.

A method and apparatus for deforming the network topology of a multi-hop wireless network dynamically (i.e., in real time), in response to changing network traffic conditions and in order to advantageously reduce mean end-to-end network (transmission) delay. Two illustrative embodiments of the invention deform the network topology dynamically in response to traffic conditions (i) by changing the network connectivity between the existing network nodes and (ii) by adding one or more new nodes (and associated connections thereto and therefrom) to the network. In both cases, the traffic conditions may be fed into the algorithm in real time as, for example, a set of queue length measurements. Then, in response, the network is advantageously reorganized into a configuration that reduces the mean end-to-end network transmission delay.

The invention relates to a method for simultaneously detecting three antibiotic residues including streptomycin, chlorampenicol and tetracycline based on nucleic acid aptamers and quantum dots and belongs to the technical field of analytical chemistry. Three-section complementary cDNA 1 sequences are designed and synthesized and are complemented with three antibiotic aptamers DNA sequences and are further complemented with respective capturing probe DNA sequences of three antibiotics and complementary cDNA 2 sequence part. The three cDNAs 1 are first hybridized with aptamer DNAs supplemented with each other to form double-stranded DNAs. When target antibiotics exist in a sample, the aptamer DNAs are combined with corresponding antibiotics as a priority to cause the double-stranded DNAs to be de-hybridized and release cDNAs 1. The free cDNAs 1 are combined with capturing probe DNAs modified on the surface of a gold electrode, and cDNAs 2 modified with three quantum dots are hybridized with the other end of each cDNA 1. The three quantum dots on the surface of the gold electrode generate dissolution volt-ampere peaks corresponding to the target antibiotics. The three antibiotics are detected by utilizing the relations of changes of peak current values and antibiotic concentration. The method is good in repeatability and stability and high in sensitivity and can be used for directly measuring the three antibiotic residues in samples such as milk.

A gear grinding machine, a method for dressing a threaded grinding wheel, and a method for grinding a work are disclosed. A dressing tool is rotated in a vertical plane, with its position being fixed. The position of a threaded grinding wheel is NC-controlled, whereby the dressing tool is brought into contact with the starting point of the thread of the threaded grinding wheel at a somewhat lower surface of the circumferential surface of the threaded grinding wheel and, in accordance with the rotation of the threaded grinding wheel, the position of contact of the dressing tool with the threaded grinding wheel is moved along the circumferential surface of the threaded grinding wheel.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst for purifying VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and a method for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst. SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves are used as carriers of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst, organic groups (phenyl groups, amino groups and sulfhydryl groups) and transition metal oxide (oxide of Mn, Fe and Co) are used as active components of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst, and chloride of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal is used as an auxiliary of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst. The specific surface area of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst ranges from 700 m<2>/g to 900 m<2>/g, and the average pore diameter of pore passages in the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst ranges from 8 nm to 15 nm. The method includes supporting the organic groups on the SBA-15 molecular sieves by the aid of an in-situ solvent thermal synthesis process; modifying the SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves by the transition metal oxide by the aid of an impregnation process to obtain the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst. The organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst and the method have the advantages that the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst has large mesoporous pore diameters and the large specific surface area and is high in catalytic activity, catalytic active constituents are good in dispersibility, acid centers can be reinforced, and the method is simple and feasible and is low in cost; the VOCs can be converted into harmless carbon dioxide and water under synergy of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst and low-temperature plasma technologies at the normal temperature, and the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst has few byproducts and is difficult to inactivate.

A method for handling defects on a recording medium which deteriorate an adaptive bit recovery process is proposed. The method for handling defects on a recording medium during bit recovery from the recording medium, whereby a data stream read from the recording medium is processed by an adaptive bit recovery means, includes the steps of: storing fallback values for the adaptive bit recovery means a fallback register during processing of the data stream and updating the adaptive bit recovery means with the stored fallback values for recovering from an incorrect adaptation or for restarting after processing of a defect.

The invention discloses macrocyclic and cage-like molecules based on biphenylarene and derivatives of the macrocyclic and cage-like molecules as well as synthetic methods and applications of the macrocyclic and cage-like molecules and the derivatives. A series of novel macrocycles are obtained mainly by performing a reaction on bis(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arenes (naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, porphyrin and the like) or tris(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arenes (benzene, sym-tribenzobenzene) and paraformaldehyde under the catalysis of a Lewis acid in high yield. In addition, perhydroxybiphenylarenes (quaterphenyl trimer, naphthalene dimer and the like) can be obtained by performing demethylation, a plurality of water-soluble derivatives can be obtained by performing further modification, and the derivatives show good bonding ability to guest molecules (viologen and the like); and moreover, functional groups introduced into the framework make the biphenylarene have excellent adsorption and separationability and photophysical properties. The compounds, derivatives and methods provided by the invention have the following advantages: raw materials of the biphenylarene are commercially available, the synthesis is simple and convenient, the yield is high, and the modification is convenient, so that the compounds and the derivatives have broad application prospects in gas adsorption and separation, performance improvement of light-emitting materials, and adsorption of water-soluble toxic substances.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a hollow silicon dioxide nanomaterial. According to the preparation method, with carbon nanospheres as a hard template, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silicon source, water as a solvent and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure-directing agent, the hollow SiO2 nanomaterial which is even in appearance and folded in surface can be formed after residual organic matters such as carbon spheres and CTAB are removed by use of subsequent heat treatment. A TEM picture indicates that the SiO2 nanomaterial prepared by use of the method has a hollow structure and is about 20 nanometers in wall thickness and about 200 nanometers in grain size. The hollow SiO2 nanomaterial prepared by use of the method has potential application prospect in the fields such as biomedicine.

The invention discloses coumarin-oxacalix[3]arene fluorescent reagents as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the fields of organic synthesis and analytical chemistry. The invention respectively synthesizes two coumarin-oxacalix[3]arene fluorescent reagents: chemical name a: 7,15,23-tertiary butyl-25,26,27-tri{1-[N-(7-coumarin oxyethyl)-1,2,3-triazole]-4-methoxy}-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene; b: 7,15,23-triethoxycarbonyl -25,26,27-tri{1-[N-(7-coumarin oxyethyl)-1,2,3-triazole]-4-methoxy}-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a synthesis method and process conditions. According to the invention, the two coumarin-oxacalix[3]arene fluorescent reagents, in detecting ferric ions, have characteristics of high selectivity and high sensitivity; the fluorescent reagents are applicable to qualitative and quantitative analysis.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a device for culturing algae with natural light, including an enclosure with a culturing medium and the algae to be cultured, and a substrate arranged to receive solar radiation in order to perform photoconversion of said solar radiation, the substrate including at least one luminescent compound making it possible to reemit radiation having a spectrum adapted to the optimisation of a biological parameter of interest resulting from the photosynthesis of said algae.