The invention discloses a fruit pulp tissue optical property detection system and method adopting an integrated fiber-optics probe. The system comprises a tungsten halogen light source, illumination optical fiber, receiving optical fiber, the probe, an objective table, a switcher, a spectrograph, a computer, a pressure sensor, a pressure displayer and a vertical slide table. A calibration ghost solution is prepared, the actual space resolved diffuse reflection spectrum is obtained, the theoretical space resolved diffuse reflection spectrum is obtained through calculation, the final calibration coefficients, corresponding to different wavelength points, of all the receiving optical fiber are obtained through calculation, spectrum detection and spectrum calibration are conducted on a fruit pulp tissue sample to be detected, the predicted value of the space diffuse reflection spectrum is calculated, the measured value is extracted, and the predicted values of the reduced scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient under different wavelengths are obtained through searching and calculation of an objective function value with the simplex optimization method. According to the system and method, environmental constraints existing in other methods are avoided, the adaptation range of a detection object is widened, the detection speed is increased, the calibration error is reduced, and online detection application prospects are broad.