The invention provides a method for representing real space characteristics of two-dimensional polaritons, which comprises the following steps of: S1, placing a sample to be tested on a SiO2 /
Si substrate, and enabling one edge of the sample to be tested and the edge of a
cantilever arm of a scattering type near-field
optical microscope to form an angle of 45 degrees; s2, enabling the needle point of the scattering type near-field
optical microscope to scan along the edge vertical to the tested sample, sequentially changing the
wavelength of the excitation
laser light source, and scanning by the scattering type near-field
optical microscope to obtain a near-field real space image; s3,
Fourier transform processing is carried out on the near-field real space images obtained in the step 2 one by one, and a
wave vector real part k'p and a propagation length Lp of a
hybrid polariton mode are obtained respectively; and S4, obtaining wave vectors k'p and Lp of the
hybrid polaritons under each
wavelength according to a formula. The
diffraction limit is broken through through the scattering type near-field optical
microscope, the physical phenomenon of interaction between light and substances in a near-field area is explored, and the real space characteristics of two-dimensional polaritons are presented.