The invention discloses a phase microscopic device for transmission type samples and a phase
microscopic method. Based on a coaxial holographic light path, an amplified
real image of a transmission
type object, after being scanned by using a
small hole, is taken as object light, scattering spots are formed on a
target surface of a
detector at a distance and interfered with plane
waves in the same direction, the
light intensity distributions formed when the scattering spots exist separately and the scattering spots are interfered with reference light are respectively recorded when the
small hole is located at different positions, meanwhile, a situation that the reference light is not changed is ensured, and the
light intensity distribution of the reference light is recorded once. A reproductive image (including amplitude and phase) with a size far larger than the size of the
target surface of the
detector is obtained in a mode of carrying out an iterative operation by using a computer. A reproductive image produced in the invention not only has the interference of zero-order images and conjugate images, but also can carry out phase
microscopic imaging on a transmission type sample with a size far larger than the size of the
target surface of the
detector because a mode of small-hole scanning and prevention is adopted; and because of the introduction of the reference light, compared with a common iterative
algorithm, the convergence speed is faster.