The present invention discloses a chloramphenicol chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunodetection kit, which comprises a kit body, an enzyme label plate placed inside the kit body, and reagents placed inside the kit body, and is characterized in that every hole of the enzyme label plate is coated with coating antigen, the coating antigen is a chloramphenicol and carrier protein conjugate, and the reagents comprise horseradish peroxidase-labeled chloramphenicol monoclonal antibody, a series of chloramphenicol standard solutions, a concentrated phosphate buffer, a concentrated washing solution and a chemiluminescence solution. The chloramphenicol chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunodetection kit has characteristics of high sensitivity, simple and rapid detection, and high accuracy, provides a substantially reduced operation time compared to the conventional colorimetric ELISA method, and can be used for detection of chloramphenicol residues in animal tissues (pork, chicken, pork liver and chicken liver), aquatic products (fish and shrimp) and milk.