116 results about "Redox enzymes" patented technology

The invention includes various prototypical amperometric biosensors for the quantification of biological substrates such as fructose, creatinine, creatine, and sarcosine, and the methods for producing these biosensors. Also included in the invention is a minaturized version of the biosensing devices. The components of these prototypical biosensors are immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) comprising chemisorbed alkanethiols. The deposition of an amphiphilic lipid layer to these systems increases the stability and activity of the resultant biosensor and enhances the rejection of many interferents. An additional feature of the invention is the co-deposition of the components of the sensor via a novel detergent dialysis protocol. The invention features two particular biosensor systems. One embodiment involves fructose dehydrogenase as the redox / sensor enzyme and fructose as the substrate / analyte. Another embodiment involves the measurement of the substrates / analytes, creatinine, creatine and sarcosine, using sacrosine dehydrogenase as the redox / sensor enzyme, with the involvement of creatinine amidohydrolase and / or creatine amidinohydrolase in the reaction pathway.

Sensors (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) and a method for detecting an analyte are described. Sensors (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) each have a volume of a hydrophilic medium (24) that retains an amount of analyte proportionate to the concentration of analyte in a biological fluid, electrodes (12) and a redox enzyme in contact with medium (24), and an electron transfer mediator. The fluid contacts sensors (10, 110, 210, 310, 410) and at initially predetermined intervals intermittently applies a potential to electrode (12) sufficient to oxidize the mediator and sensing current through electrode (12) as a function of the duration of the applied potential. The applied mediator oxidizing applied potential is maintained for a period of time sufficient to determine the rate of change of current with time through electrode (12). The current flow is correlated with the current flow for known concentrations of the analyte in medium (24).

Disclosed is an improved biofuel cell having a cathode comprising a dual function membrane, which contains an oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme immobilized within a buffered compartment of the membrane and an electron transport mediator which transfers electrons from an electron conducting electrode to the redox reaction catalyzed by the oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme. The improved biofuel cell also has an anode that contains an oxidoreductase enzyme that uses an organic fuel, such as alcohol, as a substrate. An electric current can flow between the anode and the cathode.

A non-mediated enzyme electrode comprises a base substrate (2) on which is provided an electrically conductive base layer (8) comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a resin; a top layer on the base layer (8), the top layer comprising a buffer. A catalytically active quantity of an oxidoreductase enzyme is provided in at least one of the base layer and the top layer. The invention also provides a biosensor (20) which includes an enzyme electrode, and methods of manufacturing the enzyme electrode and biosensor.

A method and apparatus for electrochemical detection of analyte in a sample makes use of a binding interaction and relies on the discovery that asymmetric distribution of a redox enzyme between two electrodes that occurs when a redox enzyme-containing reagent is immobilized at the surface of one electrode can be detected as a chemical potential gradient arising from an asymmetry, in the distribution of oxidized or reduced redox substrate. This chemical potential gradient can be detected potentiometrically by observing the potential difference between the electrodes in an open circuit, or amperometrically by observing the current flow between the electrodes when the circuit is closed. In both cases, the observation of asymmetry can be done without the application of an external potential or current to the electrodes.

An electrochemical-based sensor includes an electrode with at least one electrode surface, a film disposed on the electrode surface, and a dialysis membrane disposed on the film. The film includes a redox enzyme and a hydrophilic redox polymer (i.e., a polymer with an attached redox mediator(s)). In addition, the dialysis membrane serves to entrap the redox polymer and redox enzyme in the vicinity of the electrode. Such entrapment is accomplished by employing a redox enzyme and a hydrophilic redox polymer of a sufficiently high molecular weight that they do not pass through the dialysis membrane.

A conductive polymer is formed enzymatically in the presence of a polynucleotide template. The method includes combining at least one redox monomer with a polynucleotide template and a redox enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase, to form a reaction mixture. The monomer aligns along the template before or during the polymerization. Therefore, the polynucleotide template thereby affects the molecular weight and conformation of the conductive polymer. When the conductive polymer is complexed to a polynucleotide duplex, the conformation of the polynucleotide duplex can be modulated by changing the oxidation state of the conductive polymer.

The present invention concerns an electrode carrying immobilized redox enzymes such that electric charge can flow between an electron mediator group to the enzyme cofactor by the use of boronic acid or a boronic acid derivative that acts as a linker moiety between the cofactor and the electron mediator group. The invention also concerns devices and systems that make use of the electrode of the invention, such as bio-sensors and fuel cells, the electrode being one of the components thereof.

A polymer matrix that may coated on an electrode is created by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of a polyaniline formed by templated oxidative polymerization on a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme. The polymer matrix may be hydrated, and the absorbed water may make it permeable to, for example, glucose. The polyaniline may be polyaniline itself or a substituted polyaniline; the water-soluble crosslinker may be poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, and the redox enzyme may be glucose oxidase. The polymer matrix may be produced by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of an electrically conductive polymer and a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme in a single step at an about neutral pH, curing by drying. After hydration, the crosslinked polymer matrix may form a 3-dimensional glucose-permeable bioelectrocatalyst, catalyzing the electrooxidation of glucose.

Still further provided is a fuel cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment comprising: in the anode compartment, an anode electrode and, integrated into biocompatible membrane tethered to the anode electrode, a redox enzyme that can receive electrons from an electron carrier; in the cathode compartment, a cathode electrode which, when a conductive pathway to the first electrode is formed, is effective to convey the electrons to an electron acceptor composition in the cathode compartment; and a barrier separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment but effective to convey protons from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment.

A microneedle array device includes a substrate and an array of microneedles on the substrate. Each microneedle includes a redox enzyme and redox mediator and an electrically conductive layer on the substrate. The electrically conductive layer may extend partway up each microneedle exposing the tip thereof.

An electrochemical-based sensor includes an electrode with at least one electrode surface, a film disposed on the electrode surface, and a dialysis membrane disposed on the film. The film includes a redox enzyme and a hydrophilic redox polymer (i.e., a polymer with an attached redox mediator(s)). In addition, the dialysis membrane serves to entrap the redox polymer and redox enzyme in the vicinity of the electrode. Such entrapment is accomplished by employing a redox enzyme and a hydrophilic redox polymer of a sufficiently high molecular weight that they do not pass through the dialysis membrane.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly water treatment, particularly relates to a water purifying agent for wastewater treatment in rubber accelerator M production and further relates to a method for treating rubber accelerator M production wastewater by adopting the water purifying agent. The water purifying agent contains a flocculation water purifying agent, a microbial water purifying agent and an enzyme preparation, wherein the flocculation water purifying agent is prepared from polyaluminum chloride, polyacrylamide, ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate; the microbial water purifying agent is prepared from nitrobacterium powder, paracoccus denitrificans powder, thiobacterium powder, aniline degrading bacteria powder and flocculating bacteria powder; the enzyme preparation is prepared from pectinase, cellulase, oxidoreductase, lysozyme and alkaline proteinase. The water purifying agent and the method have the beneficial effects that by adopting the water purifying agent for wastewater treatment, disclosed by the invention, the water purifying effect is good, the water purifying speed is high, the safety is high, and no secondary pollution is caused; materials with adsorption capacity are used as raw materials and are assisted with microbes, so as to treat the wastewater, so that the range of use is wide, the transparency of treated water is extremely high, and recycling can be achieved.

Methods of and compositions for producing and using plant-based materials are provided. The methods include using biopolymers or their synthetic equivalents combined with a stable source of reactive oxygen species that when applied to or combined with a separate source of oxido-reducing enzyme or catalyst will cause the formation of an activated biopolymer with increased protein binding affinity and microbial control activities.

A polymer matrix that may coated on an electrode is created by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of a polyaniline formed by templated oxidative polymerization on a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme. The polymer matrix may be hydrated, and the absorbed water may make it permeable to, for example, glucose. The polyaniline may be polyaniline itself or a substituted polyaniline; the water-soluble crosslinker may be poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, and the redox enzyme may be glucose oxidase. The polymer matrix may be produced by co-crosslinking (1) an adduct of an electrically conductive polymer and a polymer acid; (2) a water-soluble crosslinker; and (3) a redox enzyme in a single step at an about neutral pH, curing by drying. After hydration, the crosslinked polymer matrix may form a 3-dimensional glucose-permeable bioelectrocatalyst, catalyzing the electrooxidation of glucose.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly water treatment, particularly relates to a water purifying agent for wastewater treatment in rubber accelerator production and further relates to a method for treating rubber accelerator production wastewater by adopting the water purifying agent. The water purifying agent contains a flocculation water purifying agent, a microbial water purifying agent and an enzyme preparation, wherein the flocculation water purifying agent is prepared from polyaluminum chloride, polyacrylamide, ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate; the microbial water purifying agent is prepared from nitrobacterium powder, paracoccus denitrificans powder, thiobacterium powder, aniline degrading bacteria powder and bacillus larvae powder; the enzyme preparation is prepared from pectinase, cellulase, oxidoreductase, xylanase and alkaline proteinase. The water purifying agent and the method have the beneficial effects that by adopting the water purifying agent for wastewater treatment, disclosed by the invention, the water purifying effect is good, the water purifying speed is high, the safety is high, and no secondary pollution is caused; materials with adsorption capacity are used as raw materials and are assisted with microbes, so as to treat the wastewater, so that the range of use is wide, the transparency of treated water is extremely high, and recycling can be achieved.

A dry reagent composition that includes an active redox enzyme that oxidizes an analyte as a specific substrate to produce an inactive reduced form of the enzyme; and a salt of ferricyanide provides improved performance in electrochemical test strips such as those used for detection of glucose. The salt of ferricyanide consists of ferricyanide and positively-charged counter ions, and the positively charged counter ions are selected such that the salt of ferricyanide is soluble in water, and such that the salt of ferricyanide or the crystalline phase of the salt of ferricyanide has a solubility in water and / or a lower E0eff at a concentration of 100 mM than potassium ferricyanide. For example, the salt of ferricyanide may be tetramethylammonium ferricyanide.

The invention relates to the preparation and the application of a nanometer material, in particular to a Prussian blue nanometer particle coated with polypyrrole, which is prepared by the micro-emulsion method and is used for electrochemical analysis as a modified electrode. The invention aims to overcome the defects that the stability of the Prussian blue is poor and the nanometer particles thereof are easy to conglomerate. The preparation and the application comprise the following steps: the Prussian blue nanometer particle coated with polypyrrole is prepared by the micro-emulsion method; the Prussian blue nanometer particle coated with polypyrrole is fixed by cysteine modifying a noble metal electrode surface; the prepared modified electrode of the Prussian blue nanometer particle coated with polypyrrole can be used for the detection of H2O2 with good stability and high sensitivity; and an enzyme based biosensor can be prepared by further fixing redoxase on the surface of the modified electrode of the Prussian blue nanometer particle coated with polypyrrole, thereby realizing the detection and the analysis of enzyme-related zymolyte.

The present invention provides a system for the determination of an analyte in a liquid medium. The system comprises a self-powered biosensor and a detector for measuring an electrical signal generated by said biosensor while the analyte is being oxidized or reduced, the biosensor comprising a pair of electrodes, one of the electrodes being an anode and the other a cathode, both of which carry redox enzymes on their surface. An enzyme carried on one of the electrodes can catalyze an oxidation or reduction reaction in which the analyte is oxidized or reduced, respectively, and the other of said pair of electrodes carries on its surface enzymes that can catalyze a reaction in which the oxidizer or the reducer are reduced or oxidized, respectively, in the presence of the analyte.

The invention provides a process for preparing 3-hydroxy-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one (Formula I), into its racemic (R / S) form or any of its optically active (S) or (R) forms or enantiomeric excess mixture of any of the forms comprising: a) reacting 4-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-one of formula (III) with a suitable oxidoreductase enzymes or its suitable variants in the presence of suitable conditions and co-factor; and b) isolating 3-hydroxy-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one, into its racemic (R / S) form or any of its optically active (S) or (R) forms or enantiomeric excess mixture of any of the forms.

Water-forming NADH oxidase derived from Streptococcus mutans should be further improved in terms of stability for practical use in industrial production. An object of the present invention is to provide an enzyme that is obtained through modification of a water-forming NADH oxidase, which is useful as an NAD+ regeneration system for stereoselective oxidation catalyzed by an oxidoreductase, by protein engineering techniques so that the enzyme can withstand long-term use without exhibiting a reduction of its activity for the regeneration of NAD+, that is, an enzyme having improved stability, and to provide a method for efficiently producing a useful substance such as an optically active alcohol or amino acid. The present invention relates to an enzyme modification method that can improve the stability of water-forming NADH oxidase derived from Streptococcus mutans by appropriately introducing mutation.

This invention relates to a kind of nm bio-sensor and its NADH concentration test method, which takes Au nm particles fixed on the surface of a sensor as the crystal seeds, utilizes the principle of Au / Ag nucleocapsid nm particle catalyst increase under the NADH recovery action and an absorption spectrum variance rule to compute the change of nm particle absorption value to test the NADH concentration.

The invention relates to new glycerin dehydrase gene cloning and its expression in relative host. The enzyme gene is cloned form clostridium perfringens which can transform the glycerin into 3-hydroxyl propionic aldehyde at normal biological chemical reacting condition. Based on the invention, it can recombine the 1,3-propylene glycol redox enzyme relative gene into Escherichia coli to gain a new metabolism engineering fungus which can be transformed into 1, 3-propylene glycol by fermenting tapioca hydrolyzate, glucose, or glycerol.

A preserved and / or conserved water based paint composition comprising an oxidoreductase, an oxidizing agent, a binder and at least 10% w / w water.

The invention provides a highly sensitive immunoassay for detection of a biological species. The immunoassay comprises exposing an electrode to an analyte liquid putatively containing the biological species so as to couple the biological species, if present in the analyte liquid, to a binding antibody on the electrode. The electrode comprises a binding antibody and an anchor group, each being coupled to an electrically conductive substrate, said binding antibody being capable of binding to the biological species and said anchor group being capable of binding to a redox polymer. The electrode is then exposed to an antibody-enzyme liquid comprising an antibody-enzyme species, said antibody-enzyme species comprising a detection antibody capable of binding to the biological species, said detection antibody being coupled to a redox enzyme, whereby, if the analyte liquid comprises the biological species, the redox enzyme couples to the electrode by means of the coupling of both the detection antibody and the binding antibody to the biological species. The electrode is then exposed to a polymer solution comprising the redox polymer and to an enzyme substrate, whereby if the redox enzyme is coupled to the anchor group on the electrode the redox polymer is reduced and couples to the anchor group on the electrode. A voltage is then applied between the electrode and a reference electrode and the electrode is exposed to an oxidisable species, whereby a magnitude of an electric current between said electrode and a reference electrode is indicative of the presence or absence of the biological species.

The invention belongs to technology of qualitative detection of animal-derived components in food and feed, and particularly relates to a primer / probe group for detecting fox component in food and feed. The invention selects mitochondrion cytochrome C redox enzyme I subunit gene sequence of fox, and designs a group of specific primers and probes. After using the primers and probes, the real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology can be adopted to quickly, sensitively and specifically detect the fox component in food and feed. The primers and probes can also be provided together with other reagents in the form of a kit, and is used for nucleic acid amplification reaction. The method is simple to operate and has favorable repetitiveness.

The present invention relates to an enzyme electrode including: a carbon particle; a metal particle held on the carbon particle, the metal particle having a catalytic activity against a redox reaction; a redox enzyme. The enzyme electrode of the present invention further includes a high-resistance particle enhancing an electrical resistance, the high-resistance particle being chemically stable. The high-resistance particle contains an inorganic substance, for example. The inorganic substance is aluminum oxide or smectite, for example.

The invention discloses an oilfield sewage treatment agent and a preparation method thereof. The treatment agent comprises following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 20-35 parts of aluminum oxide, 22-25 parts of menthone, 30-40 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of carbon black, 9-18 parts of calcium hydroxide, 20-30 parts of butane, 40-50 parts of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, 40-60 parts of sodium laurylsulfate, 10-15 parts of glycerin monostearate, 25-30 parts of propylene glycol, 15-25 parts of peroxide reductase, 20-22 parts of sodium carbonate and 10-30 parts of a surfactant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing sodium hydrogen carbonate, aluminum oxide, menthone, polyacrylamide, carbon black, calcium hydroxide, butane and octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether; and adding residual components and uniformly mixing. The oilfield sewage treatment agent can be used for effectively removing COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in oilfield sewage and can basically clean all ammonia nitrogen and oil.

The present invention is immobilized laccase as one kind of redox enzyme and its preparation process. The immobilized laccase is immobilized onto PVA carrier with active ester radical through chemical linkage. The preparation process includes two steps of synthesis of the carrier and the immobilizing of the laccase, the synthesis of the carrier includes PVA crosslinking, dispersing, washing, grinding and the reaction with carboxylic acid derivative and compound containing N-succinimide radical; and the immobilizing of the laccase includes the mixing of the carrier and laccase, shaking reaction, washing and drying. The immobilized laccase has high stability, high activity and low cost.