The invention relates to a colored double-CCD (Charge Coupled Device) color-sorting system for delinting cotton seeds. The colored double-CCD color-sorting system comprises a vibratory feeding system, an optical detection system, a defective-product separation system, a human-computer interaction system and a sweeping system. The colored double-CCD color-sorting system is characterized in that the optical detection system comprises an LED RGB light-source system, a reference background unit and a colored CCD camera unit; a sorting interface processing unit is provided with two synchronously-arranged sensitivity thresholds and a defect-size customization control function. The colored double-CCD color-sorting system has the advantages that a colored double-CCD intelligent recognition algorithm is utilized to determine the feature information such as colors and shapes of the cotton seeds and screening on defective products such as red seeds, white seeds, seeds with cracks, damaged seeds and empty seeds in the processed cotton seeds is carried out, so that the germination rate and the commodification of the seeds are increased and the competitiveness of domestic color-sorting products is improved.