136results about How to "Small footprint for storage" patented technology

Methods and systems for enabling mobile devices to run a variety of content-carrying script programs using a standard script language, without the confines of operating within a network browser. A client layer has a Script-to-Document Object Model (DOM) engine that executes a content-carrying-script file, efficiently interprets the script and delivers interactive objects to a dynamic environment to provide end user services. The script-to-DOM engine can construct the DOM object on any device in a computationally efficient manner, while also updating objects on a dynamic basis. The constructed DOM object suitably matches the client device environment requirements and interacts with users without the need of complete refresh of the client layer, and generation / modification of the content structure becomes possible during buildup.

The invention particularly discloses a portable pocket type intelligent electric vehicle. The system mainly comprises a supporting plate, power wheels, universal wheels, a battery, a control system, pressure sensors, motors and transmission mechanisms. The number of the power wheels is two. The number of the universal wheels is two. The power wheels and the universal wheels are arranged in the positions, close to the front side and close to the rear side, of the bottom of the supporting plate respectively. The four wheels make contact with the ground and support the electric vehicle. The number of the motors and the number of the transmission mechanisms are both two, and the motors and the transmission mechanisms are installed at the bottom of the supporting plate. The motors drive the transmission mechanisms and supply power to the power wheels. The four pressure sensors are installed in the left front position, the left rear position, the right front position and the right rear position of the upper surface of the supporting plate respectively and used for detecting the gravity center of an operator. The control system carries out calculation according to the gravity center of the operator and the deviation of the center position, and controls the speed of the two power wheels. The system is small in size and convenient to carry, the electric vehicle is controlled through the gravity center of people, an operation rod is not needed, pedals are not needed, and operation is natural.

The invention discloses a fuzzy rough set-based sleeping posture pressure image recognition method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1, data acquisition is carried out, and real-time pressure data detected by a pressure sensitivity sensor array located below a sleeping position are acquired; 2, image conversion is carried out and the real-time pressure data acquired in the first step are converted into a pressure image; 3, image pretreatment is carried out on the pressure image obtained in the second step; 4, image feature extraction is carried out, that is, feature extraction is carried out on the pressure image through image pretreatment, and the extracted feature values form a feature set for single pressure images; and 5, a fuzzy rough set method is adopted to process the image features extracted in the fourth step for realizing sleeping posture recognition.

The invention provides an assembly welding tool generally used for hot blast main pipe elbows, aims to solve the problems in assembling and welding a hot blast main pipe elbow with different specifications, and comprises an assembling and welding platform base, a outlet flange positioning plate, an inlet flange center distance adjustment mechanism, an inlet flange height adjustment mechanism, an inlet flange angle adjustment mechanism, an inlet flange mounting hole center distance adjustment mechanism and a supporting frame adjusting mechanism, wherein the assembling and welding platform base is fixed on the horizontal plane, the outlet flange positioning plate and the supporting frame adjusting mechanism are mounted on the assembly welding platform base, the inlet flange center distance adjustment mechanism is mounted on one side of the assembling and welding platform base, and the inlet flange height adjustment mechanism and the inlet flange angle adjustment mechanism are fixed on the inlet flange center distance adjustment mechanism. The tool provided by the invention has the characteristics of compact structure and strong universality, guarantees the quality of products with different specifications, improves the working efficiency of welding and assembling, decreases the cost of rolled steel raw material, reduces the space occupied by equipment storage, and ensures the clean and civilized production environment of an enterprise.

The invention provides a multi-tenant-oriented container mirror image security configuration method and system, an operation terminal and a storage medium. The method comprises: a tenant using a digital certificate private key to encrypt mirror image layer security information; storing the security information ciphertext and the tenant information in a mirror image layer; starting the container, and verifying each layer in the mirror image; and after each layer of the container passes the verification, completing the container starting process. Based on the layered design of the container mirror image, resource sharing can be achieved, multiple mirror images can share the same bottom mirror image layer, the transmission time can be shortened, and the storage occupied space is reduced. According to the method and the system, risk of mirror image tampering attack is prevented. A digital signature technology and a vulnerability scanning technology are mainly utilized to reconstruct a container mirror image generation and use process and enhance the security of a container mirror image, so that the risk of tampering the container mirror image is prevented, and the security of a container in a cloud environment is improved.

The invention relates to a sleeping posture pressure image identification method based on an HOG characteristic and machine learning. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of performing data acquisition, namely acquiring real-time pressure data which are obtained through detection when a user functions on a large-area flexible pressure sensor array mattress; performing image conversion, namely converting the real-time pressure data which are acquired in the first step to a pressure image, wherein the step comprises procedures of establishing the image in which the image coordinate is same with sensor array distribution, and converting the pressure number which is acquired on each sensor to the gray scale of the pixel on the corresponding image coordinate, thereby obtaining the pressure image which reflects pressure distribution on the sensor array; performing image pre-processing; performing image HOG characteristic extraction, namely performing HOG characteristic extraction on the pressure image which is pre-processed in the third step, thereby obtaining an HOG characteristic set of the sleeping gesture pressure image; and performing sleeping gesture identification based on machine learning.

The invention provides a traffic sign detection and recognition method based on improved YOLOv3tiny. The method comprises the following steps: collecting traffic sign image data, carrying out the enhancement and amplification of the image data through geometric transformation and color transformation, and carrying out the image labeling, thereby obtaining a traffic sign training set; constructingan improved YOLOv3tiny network model, and training the improved YOLOv3tiny network model by adopting the traffic sign training set; and constructing a traffic sign test set according to the traffic sign image data, and detecting and recognizing the traffic sign test set by using the trained improved YOLOv3tiny network model. The improved YOLOv3tiny provided by the invention has relatively strong generalization capability, occupies relatively small storage space and video memory space, improves the detection and recognition accuracy, can also ensure the real-time performance, and can realize accurate and quick traffic sign detection and recognition in vehicle-mounted embedded equipment with limited computing power.

The invention discloses an automatic telescopic garbage pickup rod. The automatic telescopic garbage pickup rod comprises a fixed rod body with a fixed handle, a sliding rod, a telescopic mechanism, an opening and closing mechanism, an active tong arm and a linkage tong arm, wherein the active tong arm and the linkage tong arm are hinged to the front end of the sliding rod; the active tong arm and a linkage tong arm are provided with engaged fan-shaped tooth parts, the telescopic mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a second thread sleeve rod and a second threaded rod, wherein the second thread sleeve rod is installed in the fixing rod body, and the second threaded rod is installed in the sliding rod; a controlling switch controls the stepping motor to rotate forward and backward, output gears of the motor are correspondingly engaged with gear parts of all thread sleeve rods, and all thread sleeve rods screw all threaded rods correspondingly; the opening and closing mechanism comprises a movable handle, a torsion spring pin and a torsion spring, wherein the torsion spring pin and the torsion spring are arranged in the front end of the sliding rod; the movable handle is in a soft connection with the second thread sleeve rod, the second threaded rod is in soft connection with the active tong arm; and the torsion spring is mounted on the torsion spring pin and two bending ends of the torsion spring are fixed to the rear end of the active tong arm and the front end of the sliding rod correspondingly. According to the automatic telescopic garbage pickup rod, automatic telescoping and manual clamping are achieved, limitation for the garbage pickup distance is small, and the tong arm can be opened or closed simultaneously.

The invention discloses a neural network model real-time automatic quantification method, which is based on an embedded AI accelerator, and comprises the following steps: carrying out embedded AI neural network training at a PC end, establishing a PC end deep learning neural network, and training an input floating point network model of an embedded AI model; quantizing the floating point network model into an embedded end fixed point network model; preprocessing data needing to be quantized, and realizing all acceleration operators of each layer of the model network through a hardware mode; deploying embedded AI hardware of the embedded end and transplanting the neural network model of the embedded end, and transplanting the neural network model of the built AI hardware platform. The invention further discloses a neural network model real-time automatic quantification system. According to the invention, algorithm acceleration is realized based on an embedded AI accelerator hardware mode, the storage occupied space of a neural network model can be reduced, the operation of the neural network model can be accelerated, the computing power of embedded equipment can be improved, the operation power consumption can be reduced, and the effective deployment of the embedded AI technology can be realized.

The invention discloses a multi-heat-source heating system utilizing solar energy. The multi-heat-source heating system comprises an air source heat pump, a radiator, a radiator water inlet pipe and a radiator water return pipe, and further comprises a solar heat collector, a high expansion non-pressure water tank, a heat exchange high-pressure water tank and a solar heat collector electric supplement system. A heat collector water outlet pipe and a heat collector water return pipe are arranged between the solar heat collector and the high expansion non-pressure water tank. An expansion water tank water return pipe and an expansion water tank water inlet pipe are arranged between the high expansion non-pressure water tank and the heat exchange high-pressure water tank. An air source heat pump water inlet pipe and an air source heat pump water return pipe are arranged between the air source heat pump and the heat exchange high-pressure water tank. The radiator water inlet pipe and the radiator water return pipe are both connected with the heat exchange high-pressure water tank. The solar heat collector electric supplement system is arranged on the radiator water inlet pipe. A new idea is provided for rural-urban continuums without urban heat supply pipeline networks and natural gas pipeline networks and engineering construction temporary heating, and references are provided for new energy development, environment protection and sustainable development paths of China.

The invention discloses a silane treating agent for metal surfaces. The silane treating agent is composed of, by weight, 20-30 parts of silane coupling agents, 20-30 parts of film-forming agents, 5-7 parts of complexing agents and 15-30 parts of purified water. According to the silane treating agent, the film-forming agents are thickening agents, and the complexing agents are sodium citrate, so that the silane treating agent has superior environment-friendly properties such as high ageing, hyper concentration, low carbon, energy conservation and no residue, phosphorus, zinc, chromium, fluorine or zirconium; a silane film has good effects of corrosion resistance property and adhesion property.

The invention relates to a portable type vertical take-off and landing reconnaissance and surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle. Four quadcopter power assemblies are symmetrically installed on a rotorswing arm on a wing so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can take off and land vertically. Because of a tail thrust type propeller on the tail part, it can be avoided that the lift-to-drag feature isreduced due to the slip flow of the propeller. Because an empennage is arranged in the shape of an inverted V, and has the functions of both a vertical tail and a horizontal tail, and the structural weight of an airplane can be decreased. Because the empennage, the wings and the rotor wings are arranged in a multi-segment manner according to the designing, the folding function can be achieved, andthe unmanned aerial vehicle is convenient to disassemble and assemble. Because many parts are made of carbon fiber materials, the weight is reduced, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can be convenientto carry about. The portable type vertical take-off and landing reconnaissance and surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle has the advantages of being capable of taking off and landing vertically without a runway, capable of being quickly disassembled or assembled, easy to operate, convenient to carry about, and capable of being replaced quickly because task load is modularized.

Embodiments of the invention provide a data storage method, a data query method and related equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining original data of at least one data object,wherein one of the original data comprises a data generation time and a data value; at intervals of a set time period, determining an original data set of each data object, wherein one original dataset comprises at least one piece of original data of one data object, and the set time period is divided into a plurality of time points; determining a time point corresponding to a data generation time of each piece of original data in each original data set, and determining a data value of the time point corresponding to each original data set; compressing the data value of the time point corresponding to each original data set so as to obtain target storage data corresponding to each original data set; and storing the target storage data corresponding to each original data set. According tothe data storage method provided by the embodiments of the invention, a storage space occupied by data storage can be reduced.

The invention relates to an inflatable greenhouse applicable to a contaminated site. The inflatable greenhouse comprises a greenhouse shaped air film, fixing piles are arranged at the edge of the airfilm, a plurality of steel wire ropes are arranged outside the air film, and two ends of any one of the steel wire rope are connected with the corresponding fixing piles. Air inlet equipment is arranged on one side of the greenhouse, and a circulating tail gas discharging system is arranged on the other side of the greenhouse. The lateral side of the greenhouse is provided with access ports, and the circulating tail gas discharging system is connected with a controller. By consideration of harms to physical health of onsite workers and surrounding residents due to proneness of toxic and harmful gases and malodorous gases to volatilization and dispersion into surroundings in a contaminated site treatment process and consideration of particularity of site remediation construction, special utilization of the inflatable greenhouse is provided, the problem of odor dispersion in an excavation and remediation process of the organic contaminated site is effectively solved, smoothness and safety in site remediation are guaranteed, the circulating tail gas discharging system is safe and environmentally friendly, and convenience in use, mounting, demounting and storage and recyclability are realized.

The invention discloses a video monitoring storage system applying cloud storage. The system comprises a camera system, a cloud storage system and a user operating system, wherein the cloud storage system comprises an equipment access module, an equipment management module, a video receiving module, a video storage module, a video conversion module, a video editing module and a video management module, the video editing module reads a video, deletes a segment in which the same static picture is continuously maintained for a long time in the video and reserves a starting frame and a terminationframe of the static picture segment, and the video conversion module performs format conversion and resolution conversion on the video to reduce the occupied memory of the video and then stores the video. According to the video monitoring storage system applying cloud storage, repeated videos of the same picture are clipped and deleted, the occupied space of the videos is reduced, the utilizationrate of the cloud storage space is improved, and the cost is reduced.

The invention relates to a novel tow chain cable. The novel tow chain cable comprises an electric wire core and tow chain rings. The tow chain rings are flat ring cylinder-shaped. Bar magnets extending along the axial direction of the tow chain rings are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction in the tow chain rings. All the bar magnets are consistent in the direction of magnetic pole arrangement. Translation wheels are also equidistantly installed on the external ring surface of the tow chain rings. The wheel surfaces of all the translation wheel pass through the axes of the tow chain rings. Annular lines are carved on the internal ring surfaces of the tow chain rings. The cable is simple in structure and convenient for storage and use; and rapid stretching and translation of the cable can be realized, and lateral movement of the cable can also be realized so that work efficiency can be substantially enhanced.

The invention discloses a method for combining sludge treatment and straw treatment to produce marsh gas. The method comprises the following specific steps of: 1, injecting sludge with 80 percent of water which is discharged from a domestic sewage treatment plant into a diluting tank, and adding water for diluting until the water content is between 93 and 94 percent; heating the diluted sludge to a temperature of 37 DEG C, feeding the sludge into a sludge anaerobic reactor, and carrying out an anaerobic reaction; and generating the marsh gas after 20 days of anaerobic reaction period; 2, adding wheat straws and corn straws with 20 percent of water and marsh slurry generated in the sludge anaerobic reactor in a ratio of 1:15 into a soaking tank, sealing, stirring, mixing and soaking; and 3, feeding a solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step 2 into a straw anaerobic reactor at the constant temperature of 37 DEG C; and thus obtaining the marsh gas after 40 days of reaction period. By the method, secondary pollution caused by discharging the marsh slurry generated in the sludge anaerobic reaction is prevented, and waste of manually added urea is prevented. The method has the advantages of large vehicle traffic capacity, small storage and occupied area, high safety, fire prevention and high production efficiency.

The invention discloses an electricity paving device for rapidly and smooth pavement along a curvilinear path, comprising a bottom plate; two short side holes are arranged on a short side part, and two long side holes are arranged on the long side part, the short side holes are symmetrical to the long side holes; when two bottom plates are abutted, the space between the short side holes and the long side holes is equal; upright posts are plugged in the short side holes and the long side holes, and upright post holes are arranged at the bottom parts of a short side plate and a long side plate; two positioning grooves in parallel to the short side are arranged on the bottom plate, and two positioning grooves are symmetrically arranged; a clapboard extended upwards is spliced in the positioning grooves, upper parts of the short side plate and the long side plate are buckled with cover plates with consistent shape as the bottom plate. The electricity paving device is reasonable in structure, able to extend and pave along a straight line as well as pave in an arch form at any time and any place according to the turning demand; the device is tight in leakage, smooth in transition, simple and fast in construction, high in efficiency, high in interphase safety of cables, small in placement space, convenient to transport, not easy to break; therefore, the electricity paving device is especially suitable for hilly area.

The invention relates to a storage file structure of electric power three-dimensional data, which adopts a custom binary format and comprises an initial block, an entry block and a data block, and theinitial block comprises basic information of a file; the entry block comprises an initial address for storing a data stream, a data stream byte number, a data stream type and a data stream module number; the data block comprises sub-data classification, content markers, the sub-data length and the sub-data block number, and storage of three-dimensional model data and three-dimensional point clouddata can be realized through custom expansion. Compared with the prior art, the electric power conventional data and the electric power three-dimensional data are stored in the same file format, unified storage of the multi-source data is achieved, the occupied storage space is reduced, model data unification between three-dimensional display platforms and unified reading of the multi-source dataare facilitated, the reading speed is high, and the occupied memory is small.

A T-shaped manipulator comprises a conical retracting and extending arm, a transverse guide rail assembly and a machine body. One end of the conical retracting and extending arm is arranged on the machine body, and the transverse guide rail assembly is arranged at the other end of the conical retracting and extending arm and is symmetrical with the installation end as a center. The T-shaped manipulator achieves the purpose that the transverse guide rail assembly does reciprocating movement in the retracting and extending direction of the conical retracting and extending arm in the working space, the transverse guide rail assembly can be applied to a narrow space to work, the working range of the transverse guide rail assembly is enlarged, the working time is saved, and the working efficiency is improved. When the T-shaped manipulator does not work, the conical retracting and extending arm can retract to be put back, the space occupied by storage is greatly reduced, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

The invention provides a protecting die for a double-glass assembly. The protecting die comprises four thickness-adjustable protecting corners, and elastic strips which are connected between every twoadjacent protecting corners, wherein each protecting corner comprises a hollow cavity and an adjusting protecting wing; an elastic strip coiling part comprising a coiling shaft is arranged in each cavity; the coiling shafts are connected to two ends of the elastic strips which pass through first sidewalls of every two adjacent cavities; each adjusting protecting wing comprises a fixed protectingwing, and a movable protecting ring capable of adjusting the spacing relative to the fixed protecting wing; the movable protecting wings are movably connected to second sidewalls of the cavities. Theprotecting die is capable of protecting and stabilizing the double-layer glass assembly during laminating.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a glass fiber reinforced plastic business travel ship, which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a bow mold, a stern mold and a passenger cabin mold, wherein the passenger cabin mold is assembled by a plurality of unit passenger cabin molds with the same size; S2, selecting a different number of the unit passenger cabin molds to form a passenger cabin mold, and then assembling the bow mode, the stern mold and the passenger cabin mold into a lower mode; S3, and manufacturing a glass fiber reinforced plastic business travel ship in theassembled lower mold. The lower mold of the invention can be applied on a plurality of ship types according to the production demand, realizes manufacturing of a plurality of ship types by a set of mold, and improves the utilization ratio of the mold. At that same time, the storage space of the mold is reduced, the manufacturing time of the mold is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost of the enterprise is reduced.

The invention discloses a multipurpose electric power channel which comprises a bottom plate. Two short-edge holes are formed in a short-edge portion of the bottom plate, two long-edge holes are formed in a long-edge portion of the bottom plate, and the short-edge holes and the long-edge holes are symmetrically formed; the distances from the short-edge holes to the long-edge holes are equal to one another when two bottom plates are butted to each other, upright columns are inserted in the short-edge holes and the long-edge holes, upright column holes are formed in the bottom of a short-edge plate and the bottom of a long-edge plate, two positioning grooves which are parallel to a short edge are formed in the bottom plate and are symmetrically formed, partition plates which upwardly extend are inserted in the positioning grooves, a cover plate is fastened on the upper portion of the short-edge plate and the upper portion of the long-edge plate, and the shape of the cover plate is consistent with that of the bottom plate. The multipurpose electric power channel has the advantages that the multipurpose electric power channel is reasonable in structure, not only can be extensively laid along straight lines, but also can be laid to form arcs according to turning requirements in any places at any time, is tight in connection, smooth in transition and high in efficiency and can be easily and quickly constructed, and cables are high in inter-phase safety; the multipurpose electric power channel is small in occupied storage space, convenient to transport, difficult to damage and particularly suitable to be used in hilly regions.

The embodiment of the invention provides an image replacement method, a device and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an image in an application program, and determining the number of color types contained in the image according to the similarity between the color attributes of all pixels in the image; and if the number of the color types is smaller than or equal to the preset number, generating a font corresponding to the image, and finally replacing the image with the font corresponding to the image. Since each font and the image corresponding to the font contain the completely same image information, the quality of the image is not affected after replacement. Meanwhile, the storage space occupied by the font is smaller than the storage space occupied by the image corresponding to the font, so that the effect of greatly reducing the size of the application program installation package while ensuring the image quality can be achieved by replacing the image in theapplication program with the font corresponding to the image.

The invention discloses a solid polycarboxylate-type slump retaining agent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the slump retaining agent comprises the steps that maleic anhydride and di-trimethylolpropane are prepared into ester monomers under the action of a catalyst, then the ester monomers, TPEG and crylic acid are subjected to pure copolymerization under the action of a composite initiator and a hydrophobic chain transfer agent, and a molten state polycarboxylate-type slump retaining agent is obtained; finally, the polycarboxylate-type slump retaining agent is fed to a condensation slicer through a heat preservation pipeline for slicing, and the white flaky solid polycarboxylate-type slump retaining agent is obtained. The acid-ester ratio of a polycarboxylate-type water reducing agent is adjusted, the self-prepared ester monomers are introduced, and by means of the combination of an oil-soluble composite initiator and a water-soluble composite initiator, the solid polycarboxylate-type slump retaining agent is prepared in a molten state. The slump retaining agent can still show good fluidity keeping capacity at a low mixing amount and is stable in state and safe and environmentally friendly in preparation process, and meanwhile the production cost is reduced.

The invention relates to a fast inlaying grafting assembly swimming pool, which comprises a pool bottom, pool walls and a water purification device, wherein the pool walls are enclosed by a plurality of decorative structural slabs connected end to end; the upside, lower side and lateral sides of the slab body of each decorative structural slab extend inward respectively to form up flanging, down flanging and side flanging; a backing plate for the side flanging is arranged at the inner side of the side flanging; the external side of the side flanging is coated with U-shaped section bars; injection inlaying grafting parts are vertically distributed at the external sides of the U-shaped section bars at intervals and horizontal step bolt holes are arranged in the middle parts of the injection inlaying grafting parts; and bolts pass through the step bolt holes to detachably connect the injection inlaying grafting parts with the side flanging, the backing plates for the side flanging and the U-shaped section bars together. The device has simple structure and reasonable cost, can be transported, assembled and disassembled conveniently and fast due to light weight, can be assembled for use and disassembled at any time, has high strength, corrosion resistance and long service life, and greatly exceeds the size of the existing temporary assembled and disassembled swimming pool.

The invention relates to a generation method based on an Edwartz curve digital signature. The method comprises the steps of negotiating to generate a system secret key, negotiating to generate a digital signature, and verifying the signature. According to the invention, a sub-private key adopted in the step of negotiating to generate the system secret key is fairly and safely generated by the hashvalues of the private key character strings of a first communication party and a second communication party; the first communication party and the second communication party are required to negotiateto generate a signature system public key, any party cannot forge the signature system public key, and the obtained signature system public key is compressed and stored by using an Edwartz curve upper point compression method, so that the occupied space for system storage is reduced. In the step of negotiating to generate the digital signature, a part of the signature r is divided into two parts,a part of the signature s is divided into three parts, the homomorphic encryption method ensures that both parties cannot obtain the information of the opposite party, any party cannot obtain the information of the opposite party and counterfeit the signature privately, so that the security of the signature and the fairness of both participating parties are improved.

The invention discloses a mold display device for mathematics education, and relates to a display device. The mold display device concretely comprises a table plate and a box body. Two pulling rods are extruded, so that when a second spring is compressed, a clamp post can be moved out from a second clamp groove; therefore the upward or downward moving regulation on a long strip rod is completed; the long stirp rod upwards moves, one side wall of a connected curve tilting plate upwards moves; the other side wall of the curve tilting plate downwards moves; an anti-slip plate is in contact with the ground; in the process that the box body needs to be placed, the friction with the ground is increased; the placement stability is improved; the table plate folding or unfolding operation is performed in a first spring clamp connection mode; the curve tilting plate vertical moving operation is performed in a second spring clamp connection mode; the time and the labor are saved in the operationprocess by people; convenience is provided for the use for teaching; in the process that the teaching mold is not used, the teaching mold can be stored inside the drawer box with an air bag pad; collision force generated in the shaking process can be buffered; the protection effect is improved; the damage possibility is reduced.