The invention provides a navigation buoy detection and maintenance system, relates to the technical field of navigation mark systems, and aims to solve the problems that the existing navigation mark maintenance adopts a unmanned aerial vehicle to acquire images one by one, and results in poor verification accuracy, low efficiency and large energy consumption. The system comprises a control console, an unmanned aerial vehicle and a navigation mark; the navigation mark is provided with a positioning device, and the positioning device is used for sending a navigation mark position signal to the unmanned aerial vehicle; the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with a navigation mark position verification device and an image acquisition device, the navigation mark position verification device isused for verifying whether coordinates of the navigation mark are offset, and the image acquisition device is used for acquiring a navigation mark image; communication connection is adopted between the control console and the unmanned aerial vehicle, between the unmanned aerial vehicles, and between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the navigation mask. By adopting the navigation buoy detection andmaintenance system, the maintenance efficiency is high, the maintenance is performed by using the position coordinate, the accuracy is high, and all navigation marks do not need to be image-acquiredand sent to the control console, thereby alleviating the transmission and storage pressure. The navigation buoy detection and maintenance system can be widely applied to the field of navigation mark maintenance.