The invention relates to a transparent halogen-free flame-retardant polycarbonate resin. The resin comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 98.4-99.75% of flame-retardant master batches, 0.05-0.6% of a fire retardant, 0.1-0.5% of an antioxidant and 0.1-0.5% of a lubricant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials according to the components, adding PC, the fire retardant, the antioxidant and the lubricant in percentage by weight into a high-speed mixing machine, sufficiently mixing the PC, the fire retardant, the antioxidant and the lubricant, and placing the PC, the fire retardant, the antioxidant and the lubricant, which are mixed, into a screw rod machine for extruding and pelleting so as to obtain flame-retardant master batches; adding the flame-retardant master batches and the rest of the components into the high-speed mixing machine together, sufficiently mixing the flame-retardant master batches and the rest of the components, and then placing the flame-retardant master batches and the rest of the components, which are sufficiently mixed, into the screw rod machine for extruding and pelleting so as to obtain products. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention fully uses phenyl butyl sulfonic acid potassium as the fire retardant, after the fire retardant, the antioxidant, the lubricant and the flame-retardant master batches are mixed, extruded and pelleted, the whole preparation technology is simple, a complex ladder temperature control step is not needed, the obtained products have the characteristics of transparence, thin walls, high impact strength, excellent flame retardant property, zero toxicity and zero harm, and the application range is wide.