56results about How to "High ion energy" patented technology

The present invention discloses a system and method for generating a beam of fast ions. The system comprising: a target substrate having a patterned surface, a pattern comprising nanoscale pattern features oriented substantially uniformly along a common axis; and; a beam unit adapted for receiving a high power coherent electromagnetic radiation beam and providing an electromagnetic radiation beam having a main pulse and a pre-pulse and focusing it onto said patterned surface of the target substrate to cause interaction between said radiation beam and said substrate enabling creation of fast ions.

A method of mass spectrometry is disclosed comprising providing a flight region for ions to travel through and a detector or fragmentation device. A potential profile is maintained along the flight region such that ions travel towards the detector or fragmentation device. The potential at which a first length of the flight region is maintained is then changed from a first potential to a second potential while at least some ions are travelling within the first length of flight region. The changed potential provides a first potential difference at an exit of the length of flight region, through which the ions are accelerated as they leave the length of flight region. This increases the kinetic energy of the ions prior to them reaching the detector or fragmentation cell.

The energy of positive ions accelerated in laser-matter interaction experiments can be significantly increased by providing a plurality of laser pulses, e.g., through the process of splitting the incoming laser pulse, to form multiple laser-matter interaction stages. From a thermodynamic point of view, the splitting procedure can be viewed as an effective way of increasing the efficiency of energy transfer from the laser light to positive ions, which energy peaks for processes having the least amount of entropy gain. A 100% increase in the energy efficiency is achieved for a six-stage laser positive ion accelerator compared to a single-stage laser positive ion accelerator.

The invention discloses a PVD chromium base ceramic composite coating piston ring and a preparation method thereof, and the piston ring is manufactured by plating a chromium base ceramic composite coating on a basal body of the piston ring which is treated by nitriding by adopting high power electric arc discharge method; the chromium base ceramic composite coating is composed of a bonding layer,a main wearing layer and an anti-attrition layer, wherein, the bonding layer is binded with the basal body of the piston ring in a metallurgical way, the main wearing layer is arranged on the bondinglayer, and the anti-attrition layer is positioned on the surface of the main wearing layer; the bonding layer is Cr, the main wearing layer is a Cr / CrN multilayer coating formed by the Cr and the CrNwhich are alternately arranged, and the anti-attrition layer is a Cr / Cr2O3 multilayer coating formed by the Cr and the Cr2O3 that are alternately arranged. The coating structure has reasonable design,and the manufactured coating has good cementing property, high hardness and good lubricating property. Furthermore, the method used for manufacturing the piston ring has no pollution in the preparation process, and overcomes the serious problem of environmental pollution of the conventional electrodeposited chromium; as the manufactured coating has better abrasion resistant and corrosion resistant performance compared with the electrodeposited chromium, the service life of the piston ring is greatly prolonged.

A method and an apparatus for forming a structure on a component made of a material composed of silicon oxide, especially of silicate glass, glass ceramic or quartz, wherein in accordance with the process at least a first surface of the component a partial removal of the material by plasma etching takes place and during the plasma etching at least at the surface to be etched a substrate temperature is established which is substantially greater than 90° C. but less than the softening temperature of the material. The apparatus is equipped for this purpose with a heater for generating the substrate temperature.

A system and a method of generating radiation and / or particle emissions are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, the system includes at least one laser source that generates a first pulse and a second pulse in temporal succession, and a target, where the target (or at least a portion the target) becomes a plasma upon being exposed to the first pulse. The plasma expand after the exposure to the first pulse, the expanded plasma is then exposed to the second pulse, and at least one of a radiation emission and a particle emission occurs after the exposure to the second pulse. In at least some embodiments, the target is a solid piece of material, and / or a time period between the first and second pulses is less than 1 microsecond (e.g., 840 ns).

A new composition of matter is disclosed wherein oxygen vacancies in a semiconducting transition metal oxide such as titanium dioxide are filled with a halogen such as Fluorine, whereby the conductivity of the composition is greatly enhanced, while at the same time the chemical stability of the composition is greatly improved. Stoichiometric titanium dioxide having less than 3 % oxygen vacancies is subject to fluorine insertion such that oxygen vacancies are filled, limited amounts of fluorine replace additional oxygen atoms and fluorine interstitially inserts into the body of the TiO2 composition.

The invention aims to provide a titanium alloy nano-coating with an antibacterial function and a preparation method thereof. The titanium alloy nano-coating is characterized by comprising the following chemical components of, by mass percent, 2-10% of Cu, 0.04-0.1% of Ce and the balance Ti, wherein the preferable range of the chemical components reaches the following standards that the Cu accountsfor 4-8%, the Ce accounts for 0.06-0.08%, and the balance is the Ti. According to the preparation method of the titanium alloy nano-coating, a titanium-copper-cerium nano-coating with the antibacterial function is formed on the surface of a substrate, so that the substrate can obtain a coating with the broad spectrum and the antibacterial function; and the coating has the excellent corrosion resistance in a biological medium and a corrosive solution.