The invention discloses a motor vehicle exhaust smoke video identification system. The motor vehicle exhaust smoke video identification system comprises a video acquisition unit, a video data processing unit and a data center unit, wherein the video acquisition unit comprises an industrial network camera, the video data processing unit comprises an industrial control computer, and the industrial control computer comprises a vehicle tracking and processing module, a license plate identification and processing module, a vehicle speed measuring module and a vehicle exhaust monitoring module. The motor vehicle exhaust smoke video identification system has properties of simple structure, good robustness and no linkage equipment and has no equipment linkage coupling problem. Multi-lane monitoring, excessive vehicle discharge monitoring and license plate recording can be accomplished at one step, position recording is intelligible, and video recording is more persuasive. According to the motor vehicle exhaust smoke video identification system, the industrial network camera and the industrial control computer are only needed to realize processing on the lanes such as vehicle exhaust monitoring, license plate identification, smoke detection, vehicle velocity measurement, cost for equipment and mounting is greatly saved, and smoke detection efficiency is improved.