The invention discloses a method for reinforcing a masonry wall through a steel structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, holes are drilled at the two ends of a ring beam (1) respectively, high-strength bolts penetrate through the holes respectively, and two reinforcing steel plates (4) on the two sides of a common brick wall (2) are reliably connected with the ring beam (1) at the upper end of the wall; secondly, connecting pieces (6) are connected with construction pillars (3) on the two sides at the bottom of the wall through chemical bolts; thirdly, the lower end of the reinforcing steel plate (4) is connected to a flange (7) of the connecting piece (6) through a high-strength bolt, and the reinforcing steel plate (4) on the back side is connected in the same manner; fourthly, holes are drilled in the reinforcing masonry wall (2), bar buckles (5) are inserted, bent and welded to form square-in-square buckles, so as to fasten the steel plates (4) on the two sides; and fifthly, the surface of the wall body (2) is coated with neat cement or other covering materials, so that the reinforcement of the wall body (2) is completed. The method enhances the deformation capability of the wall body, prolongs the time of the wall body from cracking to damage, and improves the energy consumption capability of the wall body remarkably.