The invention discloses a preparation method of an iron-doped carbon nitride loaded zinc oxide composite photocatalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding dicyandiamide into a solvent, conducting heating and stirring to dissolve dicyandiamide, adding ferric chloride, and continuously conducting stirring until deionized water is evaporated to dryness; cleaning the prepared solid, conducting drying, grinding, and crushing, putting a ground material into a ceramic crucible with a cover, conducting heating, keeping the temperature, conducting roasting, and naturally conducting cooling to obtain iron-doped carbon nitride; adding iron-doped carbon nitride into deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse iron-doped carbon nitride, addingzinc nitrate, heating zinc nitrate, adding sodium hydroxide, conducting filtering, cleaning, and drying to obtain a solid which is the iron-doped carbon nitride loaded zinc oxide composite photocatalyst. The obtained iron-doped carbon nitride loaded zinc oxide photocatalyst is moderate in forbidden band width, high in light quantum efficiency, high in separation efficiency of photo-induced electrons and charges and good in methylene blue photocatalytic degradation effect; and the preparation process is simple, the yield is high, and the cost is low.