3427results about "Nitrogenous fertilisers" patented technology

The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and / or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalized can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and / or activation.

The invention provides a soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer and a preparation method of the soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer. The soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 35 parts of rice straw, 25 to 30 parts of animal excrement, 20 to 25 parts of biological charcoal, 10 to 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 10 parts of cassava residue, 5 to 10 parts of diatom ooze, 2 to 2.5 parts of plant ash, 2 to 2.5 parts of turfy soil, 2 to 3 parts of zeolite powder, 3 to 4 parts of a microorganism bacterium agent, 2 to 3 parts of sodium benzoate, 2 to 3 parts of ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, 1 to 2 parts of calcium chloride, 1 to 2 parts of amino acid, 1 to 2 parts of starch, 1 to 2 parts of molasses powder and 1 to 2 parts of humic acid. The soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer takes plant wastes as raw materials; the quality of soil can be easily improved and the production cost can also be reduced, so that the physicochemical properties of the soil are improved, and the structure of the soil is comprehensively improved, and furthermore, the soil quality has the effects of softness, air permeability, water retention and fertilizer conservation; the aim of producing an environment-friendly high-quality organic fertilizer through preferably selecting heavy metal capable of being passivated, the biological charcoal capable of improving the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer, and conversion products of organic wastes including the biological humic acid and the like as composting base materials, and optimizing a composting process.

The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and / or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalization can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and / or activation.

The invention relates to a growth media including a charred organic matter, a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, and water for mixing said hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer and said charred organic matter together into a malleable mixture. The invention also relates to a method of providing the growth media.

The invention discloses a special suspension liquid compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method of the special suspension liquid compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8-7.2 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 0.6-1.1 parts of a boric fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Zn, 0.5-0.8 part of EDTA-Mn, 2.0-5.0 parts of humic acid powder, 7.0-14.0 parts of a calcium fertilizer 8.0-16.0 parts of a phosphatic fertilizer, 5.0-9.0 parts of a potash fertilizer, 14.0-19.0 parts of an organic matter, 6.0-9.5 parts of a soil conditioner, 0.8-2.0 parts of a microbial agent, 2.0-4.0 parts of a wetting dispersant, 2.0-4.0 parts of an emulsifier, 1.0-3.0 parts of a thickener, 1.5-3.0 parts of an antifreezing agent and 23-30 parts of water. Through reasonable compounding of various nutritional ingredients, especially an efficient synergistic effect among the humic acid, the soil conditioner and the microbial agent, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are well adjusted, re-accumulation of saline matters is avoided, and nutrient elements required for growth and development are provided for crops, thus better growth of roots of the crop is facilitated, the yield and the quality of the crop are improved, and meanwhile, the element deficiency of the crop can be effectively prevented.

Sludge from an anaerobic digester is treated to recover one or more of fibers, or solids or liquids with a high nutrient content. The solids or liquids can be used as a fertilizer. The fibers can be used in a plant growing medium. Solids are separated from liquids in the sludge and dried. The solids may be dried to produce a flake or pellet. Ammonia in the liquids is recovered and used to produce a concentrated acidic ammonium salt solution. This solution may be mixed with the solids to produce a nitrogen enhanced solid. The fibers and solids or liquids can also be used in combination to produce an enhanced plant growing medium. A device and process for removing ammonia from a liquid can be used in the system or separately.

The fire mitigation and moderating agent includes by weight one percent (1%) to five percent (5%) potassium hydroxide, two percent (2%) to seven percent (7%) citric acid, four percent (4%) to thirty six percent (36%) diammonium phosphate, four percent (4%) to twenty percent (20%) carbamide, and point five percent (0.5%) to four percent (4%) surface tension reducing component which comprises by weight twenty percent (20%) to fifty five percent (55%) octyldimethylamine oxide, fifteen percent (15%) to thirty five percent (35%) modified polyether organosiloxane, five percent (5%) to twenty percent (20%) sugar based surfactant, three percent (3%) to twelve percent (12%) 1,4-Bis(ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate, point zero one percent (0.01%) to point one percent (0.1%) anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant, and point one percent (0.1%) to two point five percent (2.5%) polymer adhesive mixture. The polymer adhesive mixture comprises seventy percent (70%) water and thirty percent (30%) polymer adhesive.

The invention discloses an amino acid bioorganic fertilizer as well as a preparation method and the use of the fertilizer and belongs to the field of bioorganic fertilizer production and application. The amino acid bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components: organic substances, fermentation materials, compound functional microorganisms, compound amino acids and medium trace elements. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the amino acid bioorganic fertilizer. The method comprises the steps of grinding the organic substances and then evenly mixing the ground organic substances with the fermentation materials, the compound functional microorganisms, the compound amino acids and the medium trace elements, and then drying and packaging to obtain the fertilizer. The amino acid bioorganic fertilizer is capable of effectively improving the soil structure, increasing the soil granular structure and the organic matter content, improving soil fertility and remarkably increasing the crop yield and the crop quality, and has the remarkably effects of soil improvement, fertilization, production increase and conditioning, and the like.

A humic acid composition useful as a fertilizer contains about 0.1 to 25 parts by weight humic acid dissolved in about 75 to 99.9 parts by weight of a solvent. The solvent contains at least one nonaqueous solvent. The composition has a pH of about 1 to 7 and a RED of less than about 1.0.

The invention relates to a soil-structure conditioner capable of stabilizing yield and fixing carbon and a preparation method and application thereof. The soil-structure conditioner comprises, by weight, 30-90 parts of plant materials, 1-40 parts of mineral materials, 1-30 parts of animal materials and 1-10 parts of compound microbial agent. The soil-structure conditioner has the advantages that carbon fixing and emission reduction of soil can be promoted, the formation of granular structures can be promoted, the water retention ability of the soil can be increased, and effective water supply is increased; the soil-structure conditioner can regulate soil pH and lower or reduce aluminum toxicity; saline-alkali soil can be improved, and base saturation degree and cation exchange capacity of the soil can be regulated; an imbalanced soil nutrition system can be conditioned, and effective nutrition supply is promoted.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a selenium-enriched cadmium-resistant foliar fertilizer special for rice .The preparation method of the selenium-enriched cadmium-resistant foliar fertilizer special for the rice comprises the following steps that sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and ferrous sulfate are dissolved in water and prepared into an original mother liquid, wherein the concentration of sodium selenite ranges from 30 g / l to 60 g / l; the original mother liquid is mixed with an amino acid solution of which the mass concentration ranges from 15% to 20%, shaking chelating is conducted, and a chelating liquid is obtained; the chelating liquid and a single silicic acid aqueous solution are mixed to be uniform to be prepared into a mixed liquid; sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate is added, the mixture and filtrate obtained through saccharose alcohol fermentation are stirred at 25 DEG C to 35 DEG C for secondary chelating, and the selenium-enriched cadmium-resistant foliar fertilizer special for the rice is obtained .By means of the preparation method and application of the selenium-enriched cadmium-resistant foliar fertilizer special for the rice, 90% or above of inorganic selenium is converted into organic selenium such as selenomethionine and selenocystine, the poisoning risk is eliminated, the absorption conversion rate of selenium is increased, the raw material amount is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the rice has a good cadmium-resistant property.

The invention relates to a sugarcane foliar fertilizer formula: the following raw materials are added into a blender according to weight percentage of 10 percent of imidacloprid of concentration of 95 percent, 75 percent of monosultap of concentration of 95 percent and 15 percent of cartap hydrochloride of concentration of 98 percent, the materials are fully blended and added with the same amount of kaolin as filling agent and humectant, the amount of which equals to 2 percent of the raw materials, and the obtained material is ground and evenly stirred; zinc sulfate, borax, manganous sulfate and ammonium molybdate are ground respectively, and are added with, according to the weight percentage, 40 percent of zinc sulfate, 20 percent of manganous sulfate, 36 percent of borax, 3.5 percent of ammonium molybdate and 0.5 percent of gibberellin as growth regulator, then all the materials are evenly blended; the blended pesticide and the blended micronutrient fertilizer are mixed by ratio of 1 to 2, thus forming the fertilizer. The fertilizer is diluted by water by 200 times and sprayed on the plant leaves of the sugarcane. One day after the fertilizer is sprayed, control efficiency of woolly aphids is over 96 percent, and three days later, the control efficiency of woolly aphid reaches 100 percent; meanwhile, the fertilizer is efficient for egg of snout moth's larva and larvae of the sugarcane to some extent, and can reduce dead hearts in fields; after the fertilizer is absorbed by the leaves, the leaves turn green, with yield improved by 15 percent and brix improved by 0.2 percent in the fields.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural plantation, and specifically discloses a method for planting high-SOD-content rice, and also discloses a fertilizer for planting high-SOD-content rice. The method for planting high-SOD-content rice uses a silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer as a base fertilizer of a paddy field, and comprises: spraying a rice tillering stage fertilizer rice tillering stage, spraying a rice flower promoting stage fertilizer in a rice flower promoting stage, spraying a rice flower maintaining stage fertilizer in a rice flower maintaining stage, spraying a rice heading and flowering stage fertilizer in a rice heading and flowering stage, and spraying a rice filling stage fertilizer in a rice filling stage. The method for planting high-SOD-content rice promotes synthesis of four kinds of enzymes of SOD, CAT, POD, and GSH-Px in a rice growth process through applying different fertilizers according to growth characteristics of each growing period of rice, and the enzymes move and transfer into rice grains, and finally, rice products in high-content-SOD and other four enzymes are obtained.

The invention relates to an improvement method for soil of a saline and alkaline land. The improvement method mainly comprises the following treatment steps of: carrying out on-site investigation on a plot to be improved; taking a water sample; carrying out soil sample analysis; carrying out water sample analysis; designing an improving scheme; carrying out an indoor leaching test: fully mixing and stirring a soil bulking agent, a chemical amendment and raw soil, filling a soil column with the mixture and watering the soil column to conduct a leaching experiment, wherein the soil bulking agent is added in an amount of 5-20% by volume of the saline-alkaline soil; the chemical amendment is added in an amount of 0.5kg / m2 to 5kg / m2 based on the volume fo the saline-alkaline soil; uniformly stirring the soil bulking agent, the chemical amendment and the saline and alkaline soil according to the ratio; setting a salt eliminating trench; burying a salt eliminating device; carrying out water irrigation and salt elimination; and testing the physical and chemical indexes of leaching water and soil. The invention provides the improvement method for soil of the saline and alkaline land. On the premise of not replacing soil, by virtue of adding the saline and alkaline soil amendment and after operations of engineering stirring and water irrigation and salt elimination, the saline and alkaline land is thoroughly improved, so that the saline and alkaline land can be used for agricultural production or afforestation of city.

A special compound fertilizer for sugarcane. The compound fertilizer is divided into two kinds of fertilizers: base fertilizer compound fertilizer and topdressing compound fertilizer according to the different requirements for fertilizers in different stages of sugarcane growth. The formula of the base fertilizer is N-P2O5 according to the mass ratio -K2O-ZnO: 10-10-8-0.5, the base fertilizer compound fertilizer contains several components such as urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate and filler; the top dressing formula is N-P2O5-K2O: 18- 6-4. The compound fertilizer for topdressing contains urea, general calcium, potassium sulfate and fillers; tests show that the present invention can effectively increase the yield per unit area of ​​sugarcane by 0.5-1.0 tons and increase the sugar content of sugarcane by 0.5-1.0 percentage points. Improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers by 3 to 5 percentage points. This technology is more suitable for the application on the acidic soil in the tropical and subtropical sugarcane areas in southern my country; when the sugarcane is newly planted or the perennial root pine pocket is applied to the sugarcane at a rate of 40-60kg per mu In the ditch, cover the soil after fertilization; the topdressing compound fertilizer is applied at 60-80kg per mu per mu during the sugarcane growth period, and then 20-40kg of urea is added once.

The invention discloses a production process for producing an organic fertilizer through concentrating biogas slurry by using a multistage membrane separation technology; the production process comprises the following steps: a, pretreatment: carrying out pretreatment of biogas slurry after anaerobic fermentation through precipitation, aerobic fermentation, solid-liquid separation, primary filtration, homogeneous curing adjustment, deep precipitation, fine filtration and biological bacteria inhibition; b, multistage membrane separation before concentration: carrying out microfiltration membrane separation and ultrafiltration membrane separation of the biogas slurry after fine filtration and biological bacteria inhibition; c, multistage membrane concentration: carrying out multistage membrane concentration of the biogas slurry penetrated fluid obtained by ultrafiltration membrane separation through nanofiltration membrane concentration, reverse osmosis membrane concentration and concentration membrane protection; d, blending: adding large, medium and trace elements and other nutritional ingredients and functional components into the intercepted concentrate obtained by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane separation, blending to obtain a liquid organic fertilizer, and sub-packaging; and e, product packaging. The production process has the advantages of flexible structure, advanced equipment and scientific process layout, can meet resource comprehensive utilization development of biogas slurry of all large and medium sized biogas projects.

The invention is directed to compositions comprising at least one agricultural biomass, at least one nitrogen source, at least one organic acid and at least one active agent wherein the agricultural biomass is impregnated with about 5% wt to about 45% wt of the active agent. Methods of their preparation and methods of use are also described. The composition effectively reduces the leaching of, and facilitates the metering of, loaded active agents for plant protection.

The invention provides a multifunctional biological organic slow-release fertilizer. The fertilizer contains, by weight, 60-80 parts of inner-core biological organic masterbatch, 5-10 parts of a middle slow-release layer and 1-5 parts of an outer cladding fungus layer, wherein the inner-core biological organic masterbatch contains 1%-5% of compound microorganisms and 50%-70% of organic matter. According to the multifunctional organic slow-release fertilizer, the reasonable coating structure and proportion are adopted, the inner layer contains beneficial bacteria and nutrient substances, the middle layer contains a water-retention film forming agent and nutrient substances, the outer layer contains beneficial fungi, the good slow-release sequence is achieved, and therefore the fertilizer achieves the multiple effects of efficiently resisting diseases, improving soil and promoting growth and increasing the yield.

Energizing formulations of phosphorous and potassium fertilizer are disclosed that comprise maximally efficient phosphorous pentoxide and di-potassium monoxide combinations. Methods of manufacture and use for these compounds and formulations are also disclosed. The fertilizer formulations comprise both solid and liquid formulations having variable or fixed pH ranges that are acceptable for aerial, foliar, and soil applications, and suitable for all forms of perennial trees, vines and annual crops. The formulations further possess the ability to control pathogenic soil microorganisms through the use of, for example, formulations comprising combinations of monopotassium phosphite, monopotassium phosphate. monopotassium nitrite, monopotassium nitrate, monopotassium sulfite and monopotassium sulfate.

The invention relates to a method of planting tea trees in a forest. The method comprises the steps: (1) selection of a tea tree planting base; (2) seed selection; (3) seeding; (4) management and protection of tea trees; (5) fertilization; (6) trimming and (7) timely plucking. In the method, 5-aminolevulinic acid and inoculant of photosynthetic bacteria are added to a leaf fertilizer, are cooperated to promote tea trees to efficiently utilize weak sunshine for photosynthesis and are beneficial to improve the color of tea leaves and the shoot tenderness-keeping ability of fresh tea leaves; and high-active nano-selenium is added to the leaf fertilizer, so that the produced tea leaves are rich in selenium and reduced in bitter taste. In addition, the tea leaves planted by the method has extremely high amino acid content and the produced tea leaves are green and pollution-free; ecological useful insects and birds in the forest construct an ecological chain prevention and control environment for controlling pests for natural plants; the method of planting tea trees in the forest overcomes the instability of the present tea garden ecosystem; the resource utilization rate is improved, the ecological balance is kept and the low-consumption, safety, good quality and high efficiency of the plantation of the tea trees are realized.

The present invention relates to a novel, dual purpose binder formulation or system. The invention also relates to a process of agglomerating dispersed particles or fines into substantially spherical and crush resistant granules. The invention further relates to a method of covering a seed and binding the seed with a material mixture beneficial for seed germination. The invention also relates to an all-in-one seed agglomerated by the dual purpose binder formulation.

The invention provides compound microbial fertilizer with disease and pest resistance. The compound microbial fertilizer comprises raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 5-10 parts of a compound microbial agent, 50-76 parts of yeast powder, 12-20 parts of an auxiliary material, 10-18 parts of waste molasses and 1-3 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus, wherein the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium and bacillus licheniformis. A preparation method comprises following steps: the yeast powder and the auxiliary material are mixed, sieved and sterilized for preparation of organic powder; then the organic powder and paecilomyces lilacinus are mixed sufficiently for granulation, and organic granules containing paecilomyces lilacinus are prepared; the prepared compound microbial agent and the waste molasses are mixed, and a thick liquid is prepared and sprayed to the surfaces of the organic granules. A multi-level antagonism isolating mode is adopted, so that the components not only can resist diseases and kill insects, but also can promote mutually and produce a synergistic effect for promotion of plant growth and increase of crop yield. The invention further provides an application of the compound microbial fertilizer with disease and pest resistance in crop growth.

The invention provides a selenium rich paddy rice high-yield plantation method comprising seed processing, transplanting, fertilizer management, field management, harvesting and storage; nutrients like various nucleotide salts and deoxynucleotide salts are employed with mutual reasonable cooperation proportion; the paddy rice is high in amino acid and sugar content, and high in other organic inorganic auxiliary agent content; the method can increase yield, effect and income, and enhance resistance, and selenium rich nutrient solution is employed with no hormone, thus producing selenium rich paddy rice with high selenium content.

The invention discloses a soil amendment for saline and alkaline land. The soil amendment comprises powder and water aqua. The powder comprises, by weight, 10 to 15 parts of organic bentonite, 2 to 5 parts of modified rectorite, 10 to 20 parts of organic fertilizer, 10 to 20 parts of humus, 15 to 30 parts of composite fertilizer, 3 to 8 parts of amino acid, 0.5 to 1 part of polyacrylamide and 0.3 to 1 part of biological flora. The water aqua comprises, by weight, 12 to 20 parts of citric acid, 20 to 35 parts of maleic anhydride, 10 to 20 parts of wood vinegar, 3 to 5 parts of amino acid, 3 to 5 parts of free humic acid and 0.2 to 0.5 part of polyacrylamide. Meanwhile, the invention provides a preparation method and application method for the soil amendment. The soil amendment is target to saline and alkaline soil in the north of China; and through cooperative usage of the powder and the water aqua, the soil amendment exerts good improvement effect and is fact in action.

The invention relates to a composite microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil improvement. The composite microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil improvement comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, silicate bacterium, mould fungus, fulvic acid, amino acids and bentonite. The preparation method comprises the following steps: screening, preparing a composite microbial inoculant, concentrating the fermentation liquid, drying, and carrying out high-temperature composting rotting fermentation. When the composite microbial organic fertilizer is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, the crop yield is increased by 19-40%, the soil pH is lowered by 0.2-0.8, the electric conductivity (EC) is lowered by 0.5-0.8, the available phosphorus content is increased by 2.0-4.4 mg / kg, the quick-acting potassium content is increased by 40-68 mg / kg, and the quantity and diversity of soil microbes are obviously increased.

The invention discloses soil improvement organic biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The soil improvement organic biological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 35 parts of rice straws, 25 to 30 parts of animal dung, 20 to 25 parts of charcoal, 10 to 15 parts of bean pulp, 5 to 10 parts of diatom ooze, 2 to 2.5 parts of soddy soil, 2 to 3 parts of zeolite powder, 3 to 4 parts of a microbial agent, 2 to 3 parts of sodium benzoate, 2 to 3 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 to 3 parts of mugwort, 2 to 2.5 parts of licorice, 1 to 2 parts of calcium chloride, 1 to 2 parts of amino acid, 1 to 2 parts of starch, 1 to 2 parts of molasses powder, and 1 to 2 parts of humic acid. The soil improvement organic biological fertilizer takes plant waste as the raw material, not only is beneficial to improve the soil quality, but also can reduce the production cost, thereby improving the physicochemical property of soil, comprehensively improving the soil structure, and enabling the soil quality to achieve the effects of softness, permeability, moisture holding and fertilizer maintenance, and optimizes the composting process by preferentially selecting organic waste converted products capable of passivating heavy metal and enhancing the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer, such as charcoal, biological humic acid of and the like, as compost base materials, so as to achieve the purpose of producing environmental high-quality organic fertilizer.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture planting, particularly discloses a high SOD content wheat and barley planting method, and meanwhile discloses a high SOD content wheat and barley planting fertilizer. The high SOD content wheat and barley planting method includes: using a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer as a wheat and barley field base fertilizer; spraying wheat and barley with a wheat and barley elongation stage fertilizer during a wheat and barley elongation stage; spraying the wheat and barley with a wheat and barley booting stage fertilizer during a wheat and barley booting stage; spraying the wheat and barley with a wheat and barley heading stage fertilizer during a wheat and barley heading stage; spraying the wheat and barley with a wheat and barley florescence stage fertilizer during a wheat and barley florescence stage; and spraying the wheat and barley with a wheat and barley filling stage fertilizer during a wheat and barley filling stage fertilizer. The high SOD content wheat and barley planting method can apply different fertilizers according to the growth features of the wheat and barley during various growth periods to promote synthesis of SOD, CAT, POD and GSH-PX during the growth process of the wheat and barley, and the SOD, the CAT, the POD and the GSH-PX can be moved to grains of the wheat and barley, and finally wheat and barley products with high SOD content can be obtained.

The present invention generally relates to non-aqueous solutions of plant growth regulator(s) and polar and / or semi-polar organic solvent(s), methods for making said non-aqueous solution, and methods for improving the growth and crop productivity of plants using said non-aqueous solution.

A vegetative compound amino acid is prepared through preparing its primary liquid from vegetative protein (bean dregs, peanut dregs, etc.) as raw material by hydrolysis of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, decolouring and deodouring by activated carbon adsorption or membrane separation technique, and concentrating. The product can be used to prepare liquid fertilizer or compound amino acid powder used as additive for food, feed, medicine, etc.

The invention herein provides a composite material suitable for the absorption of moisture in natural outside areas. More particularly, the composite material can be applied to both grassy and non-grassy natural areas to both absorb any excessive, apparent moisture therein and to also enrich the underlying earth of both grassy and non-grassy natural areas.