The invention discloses a solar air-conditioning system having charging, control and lightning protection functions. The system comprises a solar cell, a solar controller, a storage battery and a variable frequency air conditioner. The solar controller comprises a charging circuit, a control circuit, a lightning protection circuit and a discharge circuit. The variable frequency air conditioner comprises an inverter circuit. The lightning protection circuit comprises a sixty-first fuse, a sixty-first resistor, a sixty-second resistor, a first piezoresistor, a second piezoresistor, a sixty-first diode, a sixty-second light-emitting diode and a discharge tube. The system can protect lighting effectively, improves system safety performance, can protect activity of the storage battery when charging the storage battery, can prolong the service life of the storage battery, can improve charge efficiency of the storage battery, prolongs power consumption time of the storage battery, has good self-startup capability, prevents an endless-loop state, is simple in circuit structure, is low in cost and can realize a good lightning protection effect.