778results about "Surface tension analysis" patented technology

The invention discloses an apparatus and a method for testing solid-liquid dynamic and static contact angles by an actual liquid droplet method. The method comprises the following steps of: during the testing, placing a solid phase sample on a sample table; controlling X, Y and Z of the sample table to move to a focusing position of a lens; sucking the liquid phase sample into a micro sample injector, injection pump or peristaltic pump; controlling the X, Y and Z of the sample injector to move to the focusing position; dripping a small droplet of the liquid and adsorbing the droplet to a needle head; moving the needle head to the surface of the solid phase sample until the liquid phase sample is adsorbed to the surface of the solid; making a software system control an optical imaging system (CCD) to capture a real-time picture and analyzing the picture by using the actual liquid droplet method; and displaying calculated solid-liquid contact angle value, solid surface free energy value and adhesion work value and managing the values by a database. The apparatus and the method can completely improve the accuracy of the analysis of the solid-liquid interfacial tension, are simple to operate, can be widely applied and have high popularization value.

This invention provides an evaluation board for evaluating one or more aspects of a surface mount technology system. In one aspect, the evaluation board has a substrate with at least one surface. A plurality of board pad patterns, each including a plurality of board pads, is formed on the surface. The different board pad patterns may have different shaped, sized and spaced board pads, allowing the characteristics of a surface mount technology to be tested on some or all of the board pad patterns at the same time and under uniform conditions. In another aspect, the surface may have a plurality of area-filled board pads similarly allowing a surface mount technology to be tested on the various area-filled board pads.

In a method of evaluating surface tension of a solid body surface, selection is made of at least three liquid samples having different surface tensions, and contact angles between the respective liquid samples and the solid body surface are measured. Thereby, a correlation between cosines (Y) of the contact angles and surface tensions (X) of the liquid samples is derived as a logarithmic function. Surface tension of the solid body surface is evaluated by the use of a value of X that is calculated by substituting 1 for Y in the correlation. When evaluated by the foregoing evaluation method, a magnetic disk has a surface where the value of X, when 1 is substituted for Y, is greater than 0 and no greater than 17 mN / m.

An atomizer 10 atomizes a multi-component liquid from a reservoir 20 into a cloud 14 comprising small droplets 38 which are ejected into the atmosphere to a certain height and allowed to fall toward a surface 12. Essentially complete evaporation is assured by maintaining the size of the droplets, the liquid's component vapor pressures and the height through which the droplets fall according to a predetermined relationship. Also, the suitability of a liquid for evaporation in a vibrating plate atomizer is determined by measuring the rate of size decrease and the surface tension of a pendant drop of the liquid after a predetermined amount of the liquid has evaporated from the drop.

The related liquid surface and interface dynamic behavior test and analysis device based on high-speed image process comprises: with a general platform, arranging an optical system, a video imaging system, a control system for locating and feeding, a rotating platform, a LED monochromatic cold light source, and a computer-control light modulation system. This invention has well effect and reliability.

Methods and apparatuses for determining entrained and / or dissolved gas content of gas-liquid mixtures. Data generated is used to control the True (air-free) or Apparent (air-containing) Density or Entrained Air content of liquids within optimum ranges, e.g. in paper coating processes and in the manufacture of food products, personal care products, pharmaceutical products, paints, petroleum blends, etc. For example, an indirect method of continuously determining the amount of gas entrained in a liquid, by: continuously measuring the temperature, flow rate, and apparent density of the mixture at two different pressure states, and calculating the volume percentage of the gas in the liquid by using equation (28) x⁢%=VsVs+V(28)wherein V is the volume of the gas-free liquid calculated by equation (23) V=1ρ1-[P2P2-P1⁢(1ρ1-1ρ2)-RTP2-P1⁢g⁡(Δ⁢ ⁢PQa)](23)in which P1 and P2 are two different ambient pressures and ΔP=P2−P1, ρ1 and ρ2 are apparent densities of the liquid sample measured at P1 and P2, respectively, R is the constant of the Ideal Gas Law, T is the liquid temperature, Q is the flow rate, g(ΔP / Qa) is a function for determining the amount of gas being dissolved between P2 and P1, and Vs is determined by equation (27) Vs=TsT⁢P1⁢P2Ps⁡(P2-P1)⁢(1ρ1-1ρ2)-RTsPs⁢(P1P2-P1⁢g⁡(Δ⁢ ⁢PQa)-g⁡(P1-PsQa)).(27)

A method of modifying the apparent wettability (the area contacted by a liquid) of solids with liquids by controlling the surface geometry or the capillary geometry. This modification is possible by understanding the geometric relationship between the contact angle and the included angle of surface features. This same geometric relationship can be used to control entrance of a liquid into a capillary and the flow of more than one fluid in distinct streams through a capillary device.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical measurement. A temperature and humidity control system is adopted to accurately control the environment in a sample case, namely the temperature ranges from minus 80 DEG C to plus 300 DEG C and the accuracy is + / -0.1 DEG C, the relative humidity ranges from 0%-100% and the accuracy is + / -2%-+5%. A high-speed data acquisition system and a high-speed camera system are adopted to synchronously measure the temperature and profile image of a droplet accurately. The sampling frequency of the temperature can be as high as 1MHz and the sampling speed of the image can reach 420 frames / s. Sample data are transmitted to a computing system through data lines and the temperature of the droplet is obtained. The image data are fitted according to the Bashforth-Adams equation and Yong-laplace equation to obtain such numerical values as surface tension and contact angle, etc. The device has simple operation, high testing accuracy and good repeatability of experimental results and is suitable for synchronously measuring the temperature, surface tension and contact angle under the conditions of wide temperature range and total humidity.

The invention discloses an interfacial rheological testing method and an interfacial rheological testing apparatus by using liquid drop imagery. According to the invention, after least squares fitting and secondary optimization by using a Newton iteration method are carried out on a discretized Young-lapalace equation theoretical calculated curve and an actual liquid drop contour boundary curve, interfacial chemical properties like surface tension, interfacial tension and a contact angle value, the volume, the area and the wetting line of liquid drops, etc. can be calculated; then interfacial rheological properties like interfacial dilational elasticity Epsilon d and interfacial dilational viscosity Eta d can be obtained through analysis by using an interfacial tension relaxation method; a set of liquid drop sample introduction system and a set of testing apparatus are provided, liquid drop oscillation is realized through corresponding control software so as to increase or reduce the amount of liquid drops and allow oscillation process to accord with sine, cosine, square wave and sawtooth changes. The apparatus provided by the invention enlarges the application field of optical interface chemical analysis apparatuses and meets requirements for high-precision automatic testing of dynamic / static contact angle values, dynamic / static surface tension values, interfacial tension values and interface rheological measurement values.

An access casing assembly structured for placement at least partially within a subterranean formation by forcing the access casing assembly thereinto, comprising a plurality of casing sections operably coupled to form a central elongated cavity for providing access to the subterranean region is disclosed. Further, a tip portion of the access casing assembly may include a porous filter through which liquid or gas may communicate with the central elongated cavity. Also, a receiving member or at least one engagement hub may form a portion of the central elongated cavity and may include an engagement feature configured for selectively and lockingly engaging a locking structure of a device to be positioned within the access casing assembly. Methods of use are disclosed. A tensiometer is disclosed including a chamber structured for allowing at least partially filling with a fluid subsequent to contact therewith.

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring surface tension, density and wettability of a medium-low temperature fused mass, which relates to the technique field of fused mass property measurement. The apparatus comprises: a heating device (1), a transparent quartz furnace tube, a light source (8), a digital camera (11) and a computer (12); and the transparent quartz furnace tube is horizontally positioned in the heating device (1), and both ends of the transparent quartz furnace tube stretch out of the heating device by 10 to 15cm. The light source (8), the digital camera (11) and the transparent quartz furnace tube are positioned at the same horizontal line; and software installed on the computer (12) can realize the on-line connection with the digital camera (11), dynamic changes of melt drip contour can be displayed dynamically on a computer display directly, and photo taking and animation shooting can be controlled by the computer. The apparatus has the advantages of adjusting the level of base plate conveniently and accurately, improving the measuring precision and repeatability; good sealing, available selection of a plurality of atmospheres such as vacuum, air and high purity argon gas; realizable on-line measurement of thermal property such as surface tension; and low cost of manufacture and simple operation.

The present invention discloses an equipment for on-line measuring surface tension, contact angle and density of high-temperature melt. Said equipment includes a high-temperature melting device, camera and computer, the camera is digital camera, and is connected with computer by means of data wire; the lens of said camera is long focal-length CCD lens, and said high-temperature melting device is placed in the front of CCD lens. The use of on-line observation system provided by said invention for observation of high temperature melt can utilize its high-accuracy lens to on-line shoot the clear contour image of sample in high-temp. molten state. Then the computer can be used for calculating the physical properties of surface tension, density and contact angle, etc. of high-temperature melt by means of said clear contour image.

An apparatus comprising a substrate having a surface configured to accommodate a fluid thereover. A plurality of fluid-support-structures are on the surface. Each of the fluid-support-structures has at least one dimension of less than one millimeter. A well in the substrate has an opening on the surface. A medium is locatable between the plurality of fluid-support-structures and in the well. The medium located between the fluid-support-structures is in communication with the medium in the well.

The present invention provides an objective bubble point pressure determination method enables new applications of downhole PV (Pressure Volume) test results such as in situ measurement of the bubble point pressure for use as a quality control parameter for sampling. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to fit data points to a curve and to smooth these points over an interval of N points. The derivative of the curve is determined to obtain peak acceleration. The peak acceleration represents the bubble point pressure. This bubble point pressure is verified by comparison to changes in fluid compressibility and visual observation of a pressure volume plot history.

The invention provides a non-contact measurement method for measuring a liquid parameter, which comprises the following steps: 1) horizontally putting one end of a transparent capillary into the measured liquid; 2) recording image data of a layered flowing process of the measured liquid in the capillary; 3) vertically placing the capillary; 4) shooting an image of a liquid column with high stability; 5) calibrating a corresponding relationship between the number of pixels in an image device and the length of a shot object, processing the image of the image data to acquire the radius alpha of the capillary, the change process of liquid interface displacement S (t) along with the change of time t, the height H of the liquid column formed in the capillary and the curvature radius R of the liquid interface; and 6) calculating the fluid dynamic parameter of the measured liquid according to the data acquired by processing the image in the step 5). The method does not depend on large equipment, is simple and feasible, has low cost and uses a small amount of samples. The method can easily realize the measurement of a capillary array, and also can measure different liquid parameters.

A microtensiometer sensor includes a substrate layer fluidly coupled to an enclosed reservoir. A porous membrane is disposed on a surface of the substrate layer. The membrane defines a liquid side fluidly coupled to the reservoir and a vapor side fluidly coupled to a vapor interface. The porous membrane includes a plurality of through holes fluidly coupling the liquid reservoir to the vapor interface, and a nanoporous filler material disposed within the plurality of through holes. The filler material includes a plurality of open pores having a maximum diameter in the range of 0.2 to 200 nanometers. In one embodiment, the microtensiometer sensor includes a molecular membrane disposed adjacent to the vapor side of the porous membrane. In one example, the molecular membrane is formed of a highly crystalline polytetrafluoroethylene polymer having a microstructure characterized by nodes interconnected by fibrils. In one application, the microtensiometer sensor may be used in a probe to measure the average water potential within a network of plant or tree xylem. In another application, the microtensiometer sensor may be useful in real-time determination of the water potential in soil.

A method and apparatus for determining the contact angle and / or surface tension of a liquid on a solid surface is described. The method involves placing a fluid drop on a solid surface, and gradually increasing its volume by adding more fluid, while continuing to determine the corresponding increase in fluid height, until the drop attains maximum height beyond which additional fluid only increases the drop footprint and not height, and determining the equilibrium height and in turn the contact angle by means of an equation that correlates contact angle with depth below the fluid surface, together with the fluid surface tension and liquid density. The method may in turn be used to determine the fluid surface tension from the equilibrium height when the contact angle and density of the fluid are known.

A process is provided for the production of a surface coating as well as the use of surface coatings to increase the surface tension of objects. The surface coating is obtained by depositing a layer of at least one element that can be oxidized with water or an alloy that can be oxidized with water. Subsequently, the deposited layer is subjected to boiling water or water vapor. The element is generally derived from the following group of elements: Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Cd, In, Sn, Sb.

The present invention provides an objective bubble point pressure determination method enables new applications of downhole PV (Pressure Volume) test results such as in situ measurement of the bubble point pressure for use as a quality control parameter for sampling. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to fit data points to a curve and to smooth these points over an interval of N points. The derivative of the curve is determined to obtain peak acceleration. The peak acceleration represents the bubble point pressure. This bubble point pressure is verified by comparison to changes in fluid compressibility and visual observation of a pressure volume plot history.

A non-contact method for measuring viscosity and surface tension information of a liquid in a first liquid containment structure. The steps of the method include oscillating a free surface of the liquid in the liquid containment structure; detecting wave characteristics of the oscillating free surface; and analyzing the wave characteristics. The oscillating step may be performed by propagating an acoustic wave from an acoustic wave emitter, through said liquid containment structure, towards the free surface. The detecting step may be performed by delivering a series of acoustic pulses at the free surface and detecting acoustic reflections from the free surface as the oscillating free surface relaxes. The analyzing step can be performed by comparing the wave characteristics with a candidate liquid wave characteristics. Prior knowledge and behavior of the selected candidate liquid can thus be imputed to the source or sample liquid. The sample liquid can be one of photoresist, solder or a biological compound. In a variation a method for acoustically ejecting a droplet of a first liquid from a first liquid containment structure comprises measuring viscosity and surface tension information of the first liquid in the first liquid containment structure and directing a variable amount of acoustic energy through the first liquid to cause the droplet ejection wherein the variable amount of acoustic energy is based on the measuring viscosity and surface tension information of the first liquid in the first liquid containment structure. Apparatuses and systems for carrying out the same are included.

The invention discloses a device and method for testing a contact angle and interfacial tension at ultrahigh pressure and high temperature, and relates to a testing method for testing a contact angle and interfacial tension by the adoption of a vacuum liquid drop method or image fitting method for fitting a Young-Laplace equation, and a testing device for testing a contact angle and surface / interfacial tension at ultrahigh pressure and high temperature. The device is composed of two booster pumps, an ultrahigh-pressure and high-temperature cavity of a two-side observation window made of sapphire glass, a high-viscosity sample heating pool, a high-pressure connection accessory, a camera with a telecentric lens, a collimated light source and the like. After a liquid drop outline image is shot, the fitting Young-Laplace equation is used for testing the contact angle and the interfacial tension value, and the testing device and method can analyze the contact angles and interfacial tension values under different pressure conditions, have the extremely high popularization value in the fields of oil field, petrochemical engineering, new material research and the like, particularly can test the interfacial tension value and the contact angle by simulating recovery environment actual pressure and temperature conditions in tertiary oil recovery simulation experiments, and are quite effective.

A method of determining the suitability of a surfactant for use in a formation can include sampling water in the formation, providing at least two surfactants, and mixing each of the surfactants with the formation water to form surfactant / water samples. The method can further include determining the solubility of each surfactant with the formation water, comparing the solubility of each surfactant with the other surfactant, and assigning a solubility performance value for each surfactant based on its solubility in the formation water sample compared to the other surfactant.

Provided herein are various methods for forming alkylaromatic sulfonate compositions and blended alkylaromatic sulfonate compositions, and such compositions themselves. The methods of various embodiments include obtaining a C8-C30 hydrocarbon mixture, optionally treating the mixture to concentrate the mixture in sulfonatable aromatics, and sulfonating the mixture to form the alkylaromatic sulfonates. The mixture or treated mixture may be blended with linear alkyl benzene (LAB) compositions and sulfonated, and / or the alkylaryl sulfonates may be blended with linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) compositions, to form the blended alkylaromatic sulfonates of some embodiments. These compositions and processes for making them may be tailored to serve a variety of end uses, such as detergents in cleaning solutions or for enhanced oil recovery operations, and / or as low foaming and / or hydrotropic additives in detergent formulations, and the like.

An apparatus for foam emulsion processing, and / or determination of the rheological parameters of a given sample includes a syringe assembly, a movable assembly, and a platform assembly. The syringe assembly has a first and second syringe connected by a capillary tube (emulsion needle). The movable assembly includes a holder tube within which the syringe assembly is secured. The platform assembly restrains movement of the movable assembly to only one axis.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical measurement. A temperature and humidity control system is adopted to accurately control the environmental conditions in a sample case, namely the temperature ranges from minus 80 DEG C to plus 300 DEG C and the accuracy is + / -0.1 DEG C, the relative humidity ranges from 0% to 100% and the accuracy is + / -2%-+ / -5%. A driver is adopted to accurately control the speed and angle of rotation, namely the rotating speed is 0.01 degree / S-10 degrees / S, the measurement ranges of the roll angle, advance angle and receding angle are between minus 180 degrees and plus 180 degrees and the accuracy is + / -0.01 degree. A high-speed data acquisition system and a high-speed camera system are adopted to synchronously measure the temperature and profile image of a droplet accurately. The sampling frequency of the temperature can be as high as 1MHz and the sampling speed of the image can reach 420 frames / s. Sample data are transmitted to a computing system through data lines and the temperature of the droplet is obtained. Software is adopted to analyze the image to obtain the temperature, roll angle, advance angle and receding angle of the droplet. The device has simple operation, high testing accuracy and good repeatability of experimental results and is suitable for synchronously measuring the temperature, roll angle, advance angle, receding angle and lag angle under the conditions of wide temperature and humidity ranges.

Methods and apparatus for measuring viscosity and / or surface tension of a liquid are described in which droplets are formed at a needle or pipette containing a sample of the test liquid and a size-related characteristic of the droplets such as droplet size, volume, diameter, or weight of the test liquid are measured by means of by capturing an image of the droplets and obtaining the size-related characteristic from the captured image. Subsequently or previously, a volume of the same sample of the test liquid is drained from the needle or pipette under pump pressure or a hydrostatic pressure, and an elution time is measured. The method and apparatus allows or includes determining the viscosity from the elution time, and determining the surface tension from the viscosity and the size-related characteristic of the droplet such as droplet size, volume, diameter, or weight of the test liquid.

A method of determining the suitability of a surfactant for use in a formation can include sampling water in the formation, providing at least two surfactants, and mixing each of the surfactants with the formation water to form surfactant / water samples. The method can further include determining the solubility of each surfactant with the formation water, comparing the solubility of each surfactant with the other surfactant, and assigning a solubility performance value for each surfactant based on its solubility in the formation water sample compared to the other surfactant.

A liquid to solid material surface contact angle measurement system operating by way of detecting a transition in the behavior of a liquid sample with the solid material in a changing angular confinement environment along with use of a mathematical algorithm to then determine contact angle. Measurement of the angle at which the tested liquid transitions between apparent wetting and apparent non-wetting behavior, regardless of whether the liquid and solid material are truly classified as wetting or non-wetting, provides a measurement from which disclosed mathematical algorithms can predict the surface wetting characteristics of the liquid on the solid material. Automated performance of the confinement environment measurement and examples are included.

The invention relates to an interface tension measuring device and method by a hanging drop or bubble blowing way under high pressure and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature high-pressure interface tension measuring. The device comprises a window pressure chamber device composed of a metal pressure chamber cylinder body and high pressure resistant glasses at two ends, a liquid drop / bubble injection device, a support and locking device and a photo and data processing device, wherein a liquid / gas inlet hole is formed in the side wall of the pressure chamber cylinder body and connected with a gas cylinder or a liquid charging pump through a quick connector, so as to realize the feeding of environmental gas or liquid into the pressure chamber cylinder body; a liquid / gas outlet hole is connected with a three-way connector, one path of the three-way connector is connected with a drain valve, and the other path is connected with a vacuum pump for vacuum-pumping of the pressure chamber; the liquid drop / bubble injection device comprises an injection tube and a pressure sensor; the injection tube is inserted into the cylinder body, and is sealed and connected with the pressure sensor to monitor the injection pressure, and the other end of the injection tube is connected with the liquid charging pump or the gas cylinder through a precision needle valve; the support and locking device comprises a base, a support frame and a locking bolt; the photo and data processing device comprises a CCD camera, a backlight and a data processing computer.