977 results about "Volumetric efficiency" patented technology

Valve guide and spring retainer assemblies are described for use in plunger pump housings that incorporate structural features for stress-relief. These pump housing structural features accommodate correspondingly-shaped valve guides and / or spring retainers that are internally fixed in place using one or more non-threaded spacers. Plunger pumps so constructed are relatively resistant to fatigue failure because of stress reductions, and they may incorporate a variety of valve styles, including top and lower stem-guided valves and crow-foot-guided valves, in easily-maintained configurations. Besides securing valve guides and / or spring retainers, non-threaded spacers may be shaped and dimensioned to aid in further reducing stress and to improve volumetric efficiency of the pumps in which they are used.

Suction valve spring retainers mounted using an access bore plug are described for use in plunger pump housings having an offset access bore and incorporating structural features for stress-relief. These pump housing structural features accommodate access bore plugs that secure suction valve spring retainers that are internally located substantially centrally over the suction bore transition area of the plunger pump housing. Access bore plugs are secured in place on the pump housing using one or more threaded retainers. Plunger pumps so constructed are relatively resistant to fatigue failure because of stress-reducing structural features, and they may incorporate a variety of valve styles, including top and lower stem-guided valves and crow-foot-guided valves, in easily-maintained configurations. Suction valve spring retainers mounted in plunger pump housings may also incorporate a suction valve top stem guide. Further, certain structural features of access bore plugs may be dimensioned to aid in improving volumetric efficiency of the pumps in which they are used.

A power pump performance analysis system includes a signal processor connected to pressure sensors for sensing pressures in the cylinder chambers and inlet and discharge piping of a single or multi-cylinder pump. Pump speed and piston position are determined by a crankshaft position sensor. Pump vibration, fluid temperatures, and power input may also be measured by sensors connected to the processor. Performance analyses, including determination of pump volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency, suction and discharge valve sealing delay, valve and piston seal leakage, flow induced pressure variations, acceleration induced pressure detection, hydraulic resonance detection and pulsation dampener performance may be measured and selected parameters displayed on a visual display connected to the processor directly or via a network.

A power pump performance analysis system includes a signal processor connected to pressure sensors for sensing pressures in the cylinder chambers and inlet and discharge piping of a single or multi-cylinder pump. Pump speed and piston position are determined by a crankshaft position sensor. Pump vibration, fluid temperatures, and power input may also be measured by sensors connected to the processor. Performance analyses, including determination of pump volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency, suction and discharge valve sealing delay, valve and piston seal leakage, flow induced pressure variations, acceleration induced pressure detection, hydraulic resonance detection and pulsation dampener performance may be measured and selected parameters displayed on a visual display connected to the processor directly or via a network.

This invention provides a method to make core-shell structured dielectric particles which consist of a conductive core and at least one layer of insulating dielectric shell for the application of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC). The use of said core-shell instead of conventionally solid dielectric particles as the capacitor's active layers simplifies the MLCC manufacturing processes and effectively improves the MLCC properties. In particular, the use of core-shell particles with a thin shell of high permittivity dielectric material improves the capacitance volumetric efficiency, and the use of core-shell particles with a thick shell of dielectric will improve capacitor device's energy storage capacity as the results of improved electrical and mechanical strength.

A response delay compensation element for compensating a response delay of an output gMAF of an airflow meter by a phase advance compensation is provided so that an output g of the response delay compensation element is input to the intake air system model. A transfer function of the phase advance compensation is <paragraph lvl="0"><in-line-formula>g=(1+T1.s) / (1+T2s).gMAF< / in-line-formula>where T1 and T2 are time constant of the phase advance compensation, which is set based on at least one of the output gMAF of the airflow meter, engine speed, an intake air pressure, and a throttle angle. The model time constant τIM of the intake air system model is calculated by variables including volumetric efficiency and the engine speed. The volumetric efficiency is calculated by two-dimensional map having the engine speed and the intake air pressure as parameters thereof.

A single transistor vertical memory gain cell with long data retention times. The memory cell is formed from a silicon carbide substrate to take advantage of the higher band gap energy of silicon carbide as compared to silicon. The silicon carbide provides much lower thermally dependent leakage currents which enables significantly longer refresh intervals. In certain applications, the cell is effectively non-volatile provided appropriate gate bias is maintained. N-type source and drain regions are provided along with a pillar vertically extending from a substrate, which are both p-type doped. A floating body region is defined in the pillar which serves as the body of an access transistor as well as a body storage capacitor. The cell provides high volumetric efficiency with corresponding high cell density as well as relatively fast read times.

Provided is a control device for an internal combustion engine, which is provided to allow a throttle opening degree to be controlled in accordance with a target engine intake air flow quantity even during transitional operation. The actual cylinder intake air flow quantity calculating unit (21) calculates a response delay model for an intake system from a volumetric efficiency equivalent value (Kv) calculated from a rotational speed (Ne) of an engine (1) and an intake manifold pressure (Pim), an intake pipe volume (Vs), and a displacement (Vc) of each of cylinders (2), and calculates an actual cylinder intake air amount (Qcr) from an actual engine intake air amount (Qar) obtained from an air flow sensor (4) and the response delay model. The intake air flow quantity controlling unit (24) controls the throttle opening degree (TP) in accordance with the target engine intake air amount (Qat).

The gravimetric and volumetric efficiency of lithium ion batteries may be increased if high capacity materials like tin and silicon may be employed as the lithium-accepting host in the negative electrode of the battery. But both tin and silicon, when fully charged with lithium, undergo expansions of up to 300% and generate appreciable internal stresses which have potential to spall off material from the electrode on each discharge-charge cycle, resulting in a progressive reduction in battery capacity, also known as battery fade. A method of reinforcing such electrode materials by incorporating within them fiber reinforcements or shaped, elongated reinforcements fabricated of shape memory alloy is described. Electrode materials incorporating such reinforcements are less prone to damage under applied stress and so less prone to battery fade.

A high-pressure gas compressor comprises a single-acting cam driven piston with a pressure compensation chamber disposed between the piston and the cam. A roller tappet assembly transmits reciprocating motion from the cam to the piston. A pressurized gas directed to the pressure compensation chamber offsets forces acting on the piston from the compression chamber gas pressure, thereby reducing Hertzian pressure between the tappet roller and the cam. Overall efficiency and durability can be improved by reducing friction between compressor components, for example by employing thin film coatings to reduce friction, pressurized oil lubrication systems and higher cylinder bore diameter to piston stroke ratios. The service life of gas seals and compression efficiency can be improved by thermal management strategies, including liquid-cooled compressor cylinder liners and intercoolers between compression stages. Employing a poppet-style intake valve and reducing parasitic volume in the compression chamber can improve compressor volumetric efficiency.

Devices and methods for moving a working fluid through a controlled thermodynamic cycle in a positive displacement fluid-handling device (20, 20′, 20″) with minimal energy input include continuously varying the relative compression and expansion ratios of the working fluid in respective compressor and expander sections without diminishing volumetric efficiency. In one embodiment, a rotating valve plate arrangement (40, 42, 44, 46) is provided with moveable apertures or windows (48, 50, 56, 58) for conducting the passage of the working fluid in a manner which enables on-the-fly management of the thermodynamic efficiency of the device (20) under varying conditions in order to maximize the amount of mechanical work needed to move the target quantity of heat absorbed and released by the working fluid. When operated in refrigeration modes, the work required to move the heat is minimized. In power modes, the work extracted for the given input heat is maximized.

An analysis tool which extracts all the available parameter identifications (i.e. PIDS) from a vehicle's power train control module for diagnostic decisions. This is done by checking these PIDS and other information (e.g., calculated PIDS, Break Points, charts and algorithms) in three states; key on engine off, key on engine cranking, key on engine running. In all three modes the tool is comparing the live data from PIDS and voltage to the other information (e.g, Break Points). If any of this data are outside the programmed values a flag is assigned to the failure or control problem. The relationship between a particular PID and its associated preprogrammed value(s) may be indicated by a light. The depth of the problem (if any) is conveyed by the color of the light. Also included are tests / charts for fuel trim, engine volumetric efficiency, simulated injector, power, catalyst efficiency, and engine coolant range.

As one example, a method of operating a fuel delivery system of a directly injected internal combustion engine including a plurality of in-cylinder direct fuel injectors, a higher pressure fuel pump and a lower pressure fuel pump is provided. The method comprises operating the lower pressure fuel pump and the higher pressure fuel pump to maintain a prescribed fuel pressure at the fuel injectors; and varying an amount of pump work that is provided by the lower pressure fuel pump relative to the higher pressure fuel pump responsive to an indication of the efficiency of the higher pressure pump.

A pressed anode formed from an electrically conductive powder that contains a plurality of coarse agglomerates and fine agglomerates is provided. The fine agglomerates have an average size smaller than that of the coarse agglomerates so that the resulting powder contains two or more distinct particle sizes, i.e., a “bimodal” distribution. In this manner, the fine agglomerates can effectively occupy the pores defined between adjacent coarse agglomerates (“inter-agglomerate pores”). Through the occupation of the empty pores, the fine agglomerates can increase the apparent density of the resulting powder, which improves volumetric efficiency.

The axial plunger water hydraulic pump is characterized by that it adopts plate value to make flow distribution, the plunger and plunger hole are axial uniformly distributed on the periphery relativeto main shaft, it utilizes an oblique plate and central spring to implement reciprocation of plunger, the plunger, plunger bulb and slipper are equipped with central holes respectively, and on the rear end cover, cylinder body, pump shell and front end cover the flow passages are cut, and the central position of thrust bearing has a ring chavity chamber, interior of the main shaft is equipped with an axial flow passage, and its surface is equipped with a radial flow passage, all the flow passage are communicated to directly water lubricate and cool all the friction pairs.

A sealed rectangular battery excellent in volumetric efficiency and pressure resistance is provided. The sealed rectangular battery includes an electrode group having a positive electrode and a negative electrode and a cell casing for accommodating therein the electrode group and an electrolyte solution, which casing includes a rectangular frame member, a first lid member and a second lid member. Each of the first and second lid members includes a body portion for covering one of the openings of the frame member, and a side portion formed so as to protrude from the body portion substantially along at least one set of sides opposite to each other.

A response delay compensation element for compensating a response delay of an output gMAF of an airflow meter by a phase advance compensation is provided so that an output g of the response delay compensation element is input to the intake air system model. A transfer function of the phase advance compensation iswhere T1 and T2 are time constant of the phase advance compensation, which is set based on at least one of the output gMAF of the airflow meter, engine speed, an intake air pressure, and a throttle angle. The model time constant tauIM of the intake air system model is calculated by variables including volumetric efficiency and the engine speed. The volumetric efficiency is calculated by two-dimensional map having the engine speed and the intake air pressure as parameters thereof.

Provided is a control device for an internal combustion engine, which is provided to allow a throttle opening degree to be controlled in accordance with a target engine intake air flow quantity even during transitional operation. The actual cylinder intake air flow quantity calculating unit (21) calculates a response delay model for an intake system from a volumetric efficiency equivalent value (Kv) calculated from a rotational speed (Ne) of an engine (1) and an intake manifold pressure (Pim), an intake pipe volume (Vs), and a displacement (Vc) of each of cylinders (2), and calculates an actual cylinder intake air amount (Qcr) from an actual engine intake air amount (Qar) obtained from an air flow sensor (4) and the response delay model. The intake air flow quantity controlling unit (24) controls the throttle opening degree (TP) in accordance with the target engine intake air amount (Qat).

Tapered valve guide and spring retainer assemblies are described for use in plunger pump housings that incorporate corresponding outwardly flared discharge and suction bores, as well as structural features for stress-relief. Plunger pumps so constructed are relatively resistant to fatigue failure because of stress reductions, and they may incorporate essentially any style of valves, including top and lower stem-guided valves and crow-foot-guided valves, in easily-maintained configurations. Besides forming a part of valve guide and spring retainer assemblies, side spacers may be shaped and dimensioned to improve volumetric efficiency of the pumps in which they are used. The present disclosure provides, for the first time, the use of tungsten carbide valve seats, which significantly increase durability and service life of a pump, especially when abrasive fluids are being pumped, as in various oilfield operations.

Tapered valve guide and spring retainer assemblies are described for use in plunger pump housings that incorporate corresponding outwardly flared discharge and suction bores, as well as structural features for stress-relief. Plunger pumps so constructed are relatively resistant to fatigue failure because of stress reductions, and they may incorporate a variety of valve styles, including top and lower stem-guided valves and crow-foot-guided valves, in easily-maintained configurations. Besides forming a part of valve guide and spring retainer assemblies, side spacers may be shaped and dimensioned to improve volumetric efficiency of the pumps in which they are used.

Devices and methods for moving a working fluid through a controlled thermodynamic cycle in a positive displacement fluid-handling device (20, 20′, 20″) with minimal energy input include continuously varying the relative compression and expansion ratios of the working fluid in respective compressor and expander sections without diminishing volumetric efficiency. In one embodiment, a rotating valve plate arrangement (40, 42, 44, 46) is provided with moveable apertures or windows (48, 50, 56, 58) for conducting the passage of the working fluid in a manner which enables on-the-fly management of the thermodynamic efficiency of the device (20) under varying conditions in order to maximize the amount of mechanical work needed to move the target quantity of heat absorbed and released by the working fluid. When operated in refrigeration modes, the work required to move the heat is minimized. In power modes, the work extracted for the given input heat is maximized.

A novel apparatus and method is disclosed for a plasmatron fuel converter (“plasmatron”) that efficiently uses electrical energy to produce hydrogen rich gas. The volume and shape of the plasma discharge is controlled by a fluid flow established in a plasma discharge volume. A plasmatron according to this invention produces a substantially large effective plasma discharge volume allowing for substantially greater volumetric efficiency in the initiation of chemical reactions within a volume of bulk fluid reactant flowing through the plasmatron.

The invention relates to a solid electrolytic capacitor and the method for preparing the solid electrolytic capacitor, wherein the solid electrolytic capacitor takes solid conducting high molecular polymer as electrolyte and takes valve metals, such as tantalum, niobium, titanium, aluminum and the like as an anode. The solid electrolytic capacitor is characterized by sufficiently explaining the techniques for the design of the anode, the function assignment, the chemical oxidative in-situ polymerization, the dip-coating graphite silver paste, the making of bottom extraction electrode and the like, with the technical proposal of the invention, a high polymer film, a graphite layer and a silver layer can be compactly combined, the manufactured electrolytic capacitor can be provided with very low equivalent series resistance (ESR), very high volumetric efficiency and good impedance frequency characteristic, the ESR value can be stable in the range of 10KHz-1000KHz, and the requirements of the frequency of a modern electronic equipment can be satisfied.

A capacitor assembly for use in high voltage and high temperature environments is provided. More particularly, the capacitor assembly includes a solid electrolytic capacitor element containing an anode body, a dielectric overlying the anode, and a solid electrolyte overlying the dielectric. To help facilitate the use of the capacitor assembly in high voltage applications, it is generally desired that the solid electrolyte is formed from a dispersion of preformed conductive polymer particles. In this manner, the electrolyte may remain generally free of high energy radicals (e.g., Fe2+ or Fe3+ ions) that can lead to dielectric degradation, particularly at relatively high voltages (e.g., above about 60 volts). Furthermore, to help protect the stability of the solid electrolyte at high temperatures, the capacitor element is enclosed and hermetically sealed within a housing in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere that contains an inert gas. It is believed that the housing and inert gas atmosphere are capable of limiting the amount of oxygen and moisture supplied to the conductive polymer of the capacitor. In this manner, the solid electrolyte is less likely to undergo a reaction in high temperature environments, thus increasing the thermal stability of the capacitor assembly. In addition to functioning well in both high voltage and high temperature environments, the capacitor assembly of the present invention may also exhibit a high volumetric efficiency.

A battery pack which can increase of the volumetric efficiency of the battery pack without being contained in a resin mold case is provided. A first laminate material has a concave portion formed by drawing where a battery element is contained. A second laminate material is stacked so as to cover the opening of the concave portion to seal up the periphery of the opening. The first and second laminate materials are bend inwards so as to cover the battery element, and bonded and fixed together by heating. The first laminate material has three-layer structure including a polypropylene layer, a soft aluminum layer, and a nylon layer or PET layer. The second laminate material has a similar structure but includes a hard aluminum layer. Therefore, the second laminate material has enough strength to resist deformation without being contained a cell in a resin mold case.

The invention relates to a position and flow double-close-loop direct-drive volume control electro-hydraulic servo system, belonging to the electro-hydraulic servo field. The invention solves the defect of low volumetric efficiency at lower speed of the hydraulic pump of the existing direct-drive volume control electro-hydraulic servo system and the system performance problem caused by the delay of the starting time of an oil supplementation mechanism and a hydraulic lock. The controller of the system is provided with four input ends and a control signal output end. The control signal output end of the controller is connected with the control signal input end of a servo driver or a frequency converter. The control end of the servo driver or the frequency converter is connected with the controlled end of a servo motor. The power output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the power input shaft of a bidirectional constant flow pump. Two oil passages between the bidirectional constant flow pump and a hydraulic cylinder form a closed loop through the oil supplementation mechanism, the hydraulic lock, an overflow safety mechanism and flow sensors. The output end of the displacement sensor, the output end of a first flow sensor and the output end of a second flow sensor are connected with the three output ends of the controller. Since the flow sensors are added on the original system, the control structure is changed.