The invention discloses a solid pesticide identification method based on terahertz spectroscopy. The method comprises the following steps: (1) detecting a solid pesticide standard sample with the purity of greater than 99 percent by using a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, acquiring a terahertz time-domain signal of each sample, and calculating an absorption spectrum of each sample, wherein the solid pesticides refer to hexachlorobenzene, diphenylsulfon, phosmet and dipterex; (2) normalizing the absorption spectrum of each sample, wherein the influence on noise and drift is eliminated, and the absorption spectrum is used for spectral classification of each sample; and (3) identifying the terahertz absorption spectrum of each sample by utilizing a C-support vector machine (C-SVM). The method disclosed by the invention can realize rapid and nondestructive detection of pesticides and has the advantages of simple pretreatment of experimental samples, simplicity in operation, high repeatability, data processing simplicity, accurate detection result and the like.