The invention discloses an immobilization method of a salt-tolerant and cold-tolerant compound strain and an application of the immobilization method. The immobilization method of the salt-tolerant and cold-tolerant compound strain comprises the following steps: firstly screening efficient anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and petroleum-degrading bacteria, training salt tolerance and cold tolerance to respectively prepare trained Kuenenia. Anammoxidans, Ochrobactrum.spand Flavobacterium mizutaii; putting prepared biological carbon spheres into a salt-tolerant, cold-tolerant, efficient and compound degrading bacteria enrichment solution, culturing films for the biological carbon spheres and subsequently mixing the degrading bacteria enrichment solution with a salt-tolerant, cold-tolerant, efficient and compound degrading bacteria embedding compound solution, finally putting the biological carbon spheres in the mixed solution into a saturated borate solution and a 2%CaCl2 mixed solution one by one, then putting the biological carbon spheres into a refrigerator, crosslinking an washing to obtain salt-tolerant and cold-tolerant compound strain immobilization biological carbon spheres. The salt-tolerant and cold-tolerant compound strain is applied to purification of ammonia nitrogen and water polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon under the condition with low temperature and high salt, so that the strain is high in content of microbial biomass; obviously, the biological carbon spheres are used as carriers for immobilizing the salt-tolerant and cold-tolerant compound strain; the carriers are wide in material resources, simple to manufacture, suitable for industrialization, high in mechanical strength, excellent in treatment effect, low in cost and free of secondary pollution to the environment.