The invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment and specifically relates to a method for recovering and preparing L(+)-2, 3-dihydrobutanedioic acid from L-methyldopa production wastewater. The method comprises the steps of adding an inorganic acid salt of calcium into the L-methyldopa production wastewater to obtain the precipitate of L(+)-2, 3-dihydrobutanedioic acid calcium (II), suspending the precipitate with water, further reacting with an inorganic acid to obtain a water solution of the L(+)-2, 3-dihydrobutanedioic acid (I), decoloring with activated carbon, and performing hot filtration, reduced-pressure concentration, crystallization and centrifugation to prepare a crude product of the L(+)-2, 3-dihydrobutanedioic acid (I), and refining to prepare a fine product of the L(+)-2, 3-dihydrobutanedioic acid (I). The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, mild reaction conditions, easiness in control and high yield; the purity of the obtained product is high; the environmental pollution caused by L(+)-2, 3-dihydrobutanedioic acid sodium in the L-methyldopa production wastewater is thoroughly avoided, cyclic economy is realized, production cost is lowered, and the process is stable; therefore the method is suitable for industrial production.