60 results about "Growth of photovoltaics" patented technology

Methods and apparatus are provided for converting electromagnetic radiation, such as solar energy, into electric energy with increased efficiency when compared to conventional solar cells. A photovoltaic (PV) unit, according to embodiments of the invention, may have a very thin absorber layer produced by epitaxial lift-off (ELO), all electrical contacts positioned on the back side of the PV device to avoid shadowing, and / or front side and back side light trapping employing a diffuser and a reflector to increase absorption of the photons impinging on the front side of the PV unit. Several PV units may be combined into PV banks, and an array of PV banks may be connected to form a PV module with thin strips of metal or conductive polymer applied at low temperature. Such innovations may allow for greater efficiency and flexibility in PV devices when compared to conventional solar cells.

The present invention describes nanocomposite material structures including layers forming p-n and p-i-n homo- and heterojunctions for application in photovoltaics, solar cells, photodetectors, and light emitting devices, comprising semiconductor nanoparticles, such as colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, etc., wherein at least one of the layers is made of hydrogenated amorphous or microcrystalline / nanocrystalline silicon or their alloys enabling low-temperature fabrication processes preventing any degradation of physical properties of the nanoparticles.

The invention discloses a method for optimizing demand-side time-of-use power price based on photovoltaic grid-connected uncertainty. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the daily load data after distributed energy is connected, and determining load peak-valley periods according to a fuzzy membership function; determining the objective function and the constraint condition of the optimization method of the demand-side peak-valley time-of-use power price in an operation cycle, and creating a peak-valley time-of-use power price optimizing model; by using a chance constraint theory, converting power balance constraint into deterministic equality constraint; and obtaining optimal peak-valley time-of-use power price by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The method provided by the present invention, based on peak shaving and load shifting adjustment of a power distribution network demand side according to the peak-valley time-of-use price optimization model, takes account of the connection of distributed power. At the same time, the optimization method adopts the chance constraint theory to solve the problem of prediction uncertainty of distributed power grid-connected power, reduces the decision risk caused by uncertainty and improves the pricing rationality of peak-valley time-of-use price.

The invention discloses a dynamic economic dispatching method for a power system considering photovoltaic power generation. The method comprises the following steps: historical meteorological data are acquired for statistical analysis, and solar irradiance and temperature prediction curves in the next 24 hours are obtained; statistics on historical load data is carried out, and a power system load curve in the next 24 hours is predicted and obtained; a photovoltaic power station output model is built, and a photovoltaic output prediction curve in the next 24 hours is obtained; according to a photovoltaic output probability distribution model, the photovoltaic output probability distribution in the next 24 hours and photovoltaic output values in different scenes are obtained; a dynamic economic dispatching optimization model for the power system with the photovoltaic power station is built, and a risk reserve curve is obtained; the risk reserve capacity is calculated, and a risk capacity curve is obtained; a basic UC optimization problem is solved, and a unit commitment scheme is corrected; and a dispatching scheme with the minimum target function found out during an operating cost expected value process is solved as the optimal economic dispatching scheme. The operation risk controllability and the operation economy of the power system are ensured.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a luminescent object comprising: a. a luminescent layer or core containing a photoluminescent material; and b. a wavelength-selective mirror; wherein the luminescent layer or luminescent core is optically coupled to the wavelength-selective mirror, said wavelength-selective mirror being at least 50% transparent to light absorbed by the photoluminescent material and at least 50% reflective to radiation that is emitted by the photoluminescent material. The luminescent object according to the present invention may advantageously be employed in luminescent solar concentrator systems as it enables highly efficient transportation of radiation emitted by the photoluminescent material following exposure to incident solar light. Another aspect of the invention concerns a photovoltaic device comprising an electromagnetic radiation collection medium containing the aforementioned luminescent object and a photovoltaic cell capable of converting optical radiation to electrical energy which is optically coupled to the luminescent object. Further aspects of the invention include a fluorescent light activated display and a room lighting system comprising the aforementioned luminescent object.

Methods, systems and apparatus for a solar cell integrating photovoltaic and thermoelectric cell elements to form a hybrid solar cell. The cell has increased efficiency and longevity by combining operations of the photovoltaic and thermoelectric elements in at least three different modes of operation to increase electrical output per unit of panel area and to increase cell life, improve performance, and provide operational benefits under different environmental conditions.

The present invention includes a power system that is designed to provide reliable electrical power to a facility, and specifically to a telecommunications facility. The system includes a number of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) adapted to provide DC power. The system is configured so that the PEMs receive fuel from a header that is supplied by a number of hydrogen generators. Storage tanks are also included to provide hydrogen to the header if the hydrogen generators fail. The hydrogen generators receive electricity initially from an array of photovoltaic panels. If the photovoltaic panels fail then AC power from a commercial utility is provided to the hydrogen generators. Finally, the system includes a number of super capacitors that are operable to maintain power during the time required to change between power sources.

A method for using relatively low-cost silicon with low metal impurity concentration by adding a measured amount of dopant before and / or during silicon crystal growth so as to nearly balance, or compensate, the p-type and n-type dopants in the crystal, thereby controlling the net doping concentration within an acceptable range for manufacturing high efficiency solar cells.

Techniques for detailed monitoring and evaluation of individual subsystems within solar photovoltaic power generation systems are provided. In one aspect, a method for monitoring a photovoltaic system having at least one array of photovoltaic panels and at least one inverter system configured to convert output from the panels from DC to AC includes the steps of: obtaining sensor data from the photovoltaic system; computing an efficiency of the panels and an efficiency of the inverter system using the sensor data; computing an aging parameter for the panels using the efficiency of the panels; computing an aging parameter for the inverter system using the efficiency of the inverter system; determining whether the aging parameter for the panels or for the inverter system exceeds a predetermined threshold level; and taking action if either the aging parameter for the array or for the inverter system exceeds the predetermined threshold level.

A method of assembling a motor stall correction system includes coupling an inverter-based electric power generation device to an electric power inverter assembly. The method also includes coupling the electric power inverter assembly to at least one induction motor. The method further includes operatively coupling at least one controller to the electric power inverter assembly. The controller is programmed to transmit electric current from the inverter-based electric power generation device to the electric power inverter assembly. The controller is also programmed to transmit real current and reactive current from the electric power inverter assembly to the induction motor. The controller is further programmed to modulate the real current and the reactive current as a function of at least one of an electric power grid frequency and an electric power grid voltage.

The invention discloses a solar cell with zinc oxide based organic / inorganic hybrid nanostructure. The working area structure of the solar cell is as follows: a zinc oxide based nanopillar array is prepared on a substrate; by determining the arrangement and the pillar distance of the nanopillars, a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure is formed, so as to achieve absorption and antireflection to solar energy furthest; simultaneously an organic polymer material is used for filling gaps of nanopillar array along the c axis direction; the organic filling polymer between nanopillars absorbs sunlight to generate excitons which are decomposed into positive and negative current carriers and transmitted to the nanopillars of ZnO-based materials; the zinc oxide nanopillars are utilized for spontaneously separating an electron hole pair along a strong polarization field of the c axis direction; the electron holes are transmitted to the two ends of the nanopillars along the nanopillars and are collected by electrodes, thus realizing photovoltaic output without p-n nodes; the output voltage of the solar cell is only related to bandgap width of ZnO, and the solar cell can realize high breaking voltage output of devices and provide paths for improving photoelectric transformation efficiency of the devices.

A method for improving the usability of photovoltaic installations (PV installations) by taking account of shading information of adjacent PV installations for forecasting the power output by a relevant PV installation is provided. In particular, cloud movements and cloud shapes are taken into account. This improves the accuracy of the forecast. Here, it is advantageous that short-term forecasts in relation to e.g. the next 15 minutes are possible and a substitute energy source can be activated accordingly, in good time, prior to a dip in the power output by the PV installation. The invention can be used e.g. in the field of renewable energies, PV installations or smart grids.

The system consists of the photo-volt battery (PV), the lithium ion batter (LI), the energy source management module (ESM) and the transducer node (TN). ESM includes all electrical ports used to connect PV, LI and TN. After PV, LI and TN being connected to the defined ends of ESM, PV produces the energy under enough illumination and supplies power to TN and charges simultaneously LI via ESM. In case the illumination is poor, LI supplies power for TN. The self-supplied micro-system integrated from PV and TN can extend TN working life without maintenance, i.e. replacing or charging batteries. Therefore, the invention solves the bottleneck problem of the energy source for TN.

The ultra-short-term power forecast method of clear-sky photovoltaics based on real-time radiation collection technology uses the relationship between the radiation intensity of the circumscribed plane of the atmosphere and the ground radiation intensity under clear sky, and combines the real-time data of the ground radiation automatic environmental monitoring station to predict the future ground 0-4 The hourly solar radiation intensity is predicted, and the predicted results are input as parameters into the photoelectric conversion model to output the power generation of photovoltaic power plants in the next 0-4 hours. According to the prediction results, power grid dispatching can make overall arrangements for the coordination and cooperation of conventional power sources and photovoltaic power generation, rationally arrange the operation mode of the power grid, optimize real-time dispatching and adjustment, and accept more photovoltaic power generation. On the other hand, reduce the spinning reserve capacity and operating costs of the power system to Make full use of solar energy resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, so as to obtain greater economic and social benefits.

Sulfur is used to improve the performance of CIGS devices prepared by the evaporation of a single source ZIS type compound to form a buffer layer on the CIGS. The sulfur may be evaporated, or contained in the ZIS type material, or both. Vacuum evaporation apparatus of many types useful in the practice of the invention are known in the art. Other methods of delivery, such as sputtering, or application of a thiourea solution, may be substituted for evaporation.

The invention provides a photovoltaic inverter two-peak dynamic / static MPP tracking efficiency test method. The method includes the following steps that the maximum power point reached by photovoltaic arrays on the direct current side and the voltage range of an MPP of a photovoltaic inverter are determined; the photovoltaic arrays are selected and matched with the photovoltaic inverter; a single peak P-V curve of the photovoltaic arrays is determined; a two-peak MPP test efficiency P-V curve of the photovoltaic arrays is set and a photovoltaic inverter two-peak dynamic / static MPP tracking efficiency test is finished. According to the method, two-peak I-V curves of a direct current source under different powers and different blocking degrees are edited, the capability of the photovoltaic inverter for tracking the maximum power point of the two-peak I-V curves is tested and evaluated, and the gap in the aspect of tests and evaluation of two-peak I-V curve MPP tracking efficiency in the prior art is filled in.

There is disclosed ultrathin film material templating layers that force the morphology of subsequently grown electrically active thin films have been found to increase the performance of small molecule organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. There is disclosed electron-transporting material, such as hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) can be used as a templating material that forces donor materials, such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to assume a vertical-standing morphology when deposited onto its surface on an electrode, such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. It has been shown that for a device with HAT-CN as the templating buffer layer, the fill factor and short circuit current of CuPc:C60 OPVs were both improved compared with cells lacking the HAT-CN template. This is explained by the reduction of the series resistance due to the improved crystallinity of CuPc grown onto the ITO surface.

The invention provides a novel heat pipe type light gathering photovoltaic optothermal temperature difference electricity generation integral system, which is applied to combined heat and power support in sunny weather, and belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization. The system comprises a light gathering photovoltaic system, a heat pipe, a temperature difference power generating assembly and a water cooling system. Through the heat pipe, the rest heat generated by the light gathering photovoltaic system is transferred to the hot end of a temperature difference electricity generation assembly; the cold end of the temperature difference electricity generation assembly is connected with the water cooling system, so that the photovoltaic and temperature difference electricitygeneration is combined for generating electricity. The electricity generated by the light gathering photovoltaic assembly and the temperature difference electricity generation assembly is merged to auser for use through an MPPT inverter; cooling water absorbs excessive heat of a temperature difference electricity generation sheet; after the temperature rise, the heat is stored to a hot water boxto be used as water for life. Compared with a conventional light gathering photovoltaic system, the system has the advantages that the heat pipe lowers the temperature for the photovoltaic battery, sothat the temperature distribution is uniform; meanwhile, the rest heat of the photovoltaic system is used for generating the electric energy with the wider application range; the integral utilizationefficiency of the solar energy is improved.

The invention relates to an electric power system and an electric power market, and provides a bidding strategy, and can realize the following aspects: 1, the new energy consumption capability can beimproved, and the problems of "wind abandonment" and "photovoltaic abandonment" can be solved; 2, a day-ahead market bidding scheme can be provided for a VPP operator; and 3, the problems of low quantity of a single distributed power generation unit and poor coordination of multiple distributed power generation units can be solved. A production bidding organizational method of a virtual power plant in a day-ahead market is disclosed; a virtual power plant (VPP) is established by a wind generating set, a photovoltaic power generation unit, electric vehicles and an interruptible load in one dispatching region; by making full advantage of complementation characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power, and by virtue of the wind and photovoltaic total output fluctuation suppression performance by batteries of the electric vehicles, the demand on the quantity of the electric vehicles can be lowered by adopting the interruptible load, and the VPP can be participated in the day-ahead market bidding; and equivalently, the electric energy production and time combined information of the further 24 time frames, and backup output and time combined information are submitted. The productionbidding organizational method is mainly applied to the electric power system and electric power market occasions.

The invention discloses a multi-mode operation control method of a single-phase cascaded optical storage hybrid system. The daytime photovoltaic power generation period of peak-hour price is defined as a fluctuation suppression mode according to the difference between peak-hour price and off-peak price of time price and the characteristic that the photovoltaic power generation system only generates electricity in daytime, and the power fluctuation in photovoltaic power generation is suppressed by the storage cell to assist discharging of the photovoltaic cell. The daytime photovoltaic power generation period of the off-peak price is defined as a self-charging mode, and the storage cell is utilized to absorb all the active power emitted by photovoltaic power and the whole photovoltaic grid-connected system only compensates for the reactive power. The non-generation period of night photovoltaic power is defined as a night mode, and the photovoltaic cell is regarded as a static synchronous compensator and the storage cell completes the charge and discharge work at night. The night peak hour electricity price period is defined as the night discharge working state and the night off-peakhour electricity price period is defined as the night charging working state according to the time-of-use electricity price. The all-day economic operation of the photovoltaic grid-connected system can be guaranteed.

A method for arranging a rail-base movable photovoltaic power generation system in a farmland comprises the steps of arranging field rails and a side station power line in the farmland and operating the rail-base movable photovoltaic power generation system on the field rails. The field rails, the farmland and the rail-base movable photovoltaic power generation system are manufactured by means of the method. The method has the advantages that the problem firstly encountered in a photovoltaic power generation installation site during solar utilization is solved, the rail-base movable photovoltaic power generation system is suitable for two-dimensional tracking so that the electricity quantity can be improved by 30% on year-on-year basis, the benefit and investment return can be remarkably increased; the photovoltaic power generation capacity in our country is possibly up to 4 trillion kilowatt-hour / year and is equivalent to 40% of the total social energy consumption, and the energy structure in our country is thoroughly changed; distributed energy stations make major contribution to energy safety of our country; by implementing the method with all strength, cisborder PM2.5 in our country is reduced by more than 90% compared with the end of 2013.

The invention belongs to the technical field of PV-ESS (photovoltaic-energy storage system) microgrids and particularly relates to a predictive control based operation control method for a PV-ESS microgrid. The method is based on photovoltaic and load prediction, and optimal operation control of the PV-ESS microgrid in on-grid and off-grid modes is realized. Photovoltaic and load prediction is applied to the PV-ESS microgrid, the effects of photovoltaic stabilization, peak load shifting, smooth output and the like are realized, and the economic benefit is increased by 5%-10%.

The invention discloses a complementary system of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm of a film battery; an amorphous silicon batter photovoltaic phalanx is connected with a lightning protection header box; the lightning protection header box is connected with a photovoltaic network-connected inverter; the photovoltaic network-connected inverter is connected with an AC bus; a wind generating set is connected with a controller; the controller is connected with a blower network-connected inverter; the blower network-connected inverter is connected with the AC bus; the AC bus is connected with a three-phase power network to form a network-connected system; the AC bus is accessed into an bi-directional inverter; the bi-directional inverter is connected with a storage battery to form an independent system; the switching on the network-connected system and the independent system are controlled by a control system. The invention has reasonable structure and is a complementary system of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm of a film battery which effectively realizes the effective complementary between the wind energy and the solar energy.

The invention discloses a micro inverter of a solar power generation system, and an operation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: first of all, obtaining an output power value of a solar photovoltaic module, then, determining whether the micro inverter starts a power boosting mode, if the micro inverter starts the power boosting mode, boosting the maximum output power value of the micro inverter from a rated output power value to a maximum output power value, finally, determining whether the output power value of the solar photovoltaic module is greater than the maximum output power value, and if the output power value of the solar photovoltaic module is greater than the maximum output power value, the output power of the micro inverter being the maximum output power value. According to the invention, by use of the characteristic that the temperature of a solar battery itself and the maximum output power are negative temperatures, the solar photovoltaic module is enabled to output higher power when being operated in a low-temperature environment, the operation alternative of the power boosting mode is provided, the generating efficiency is improved, the generating cost is reduced, and the system application adaptability is enhanced.

The invention relates to a microwave oven with a light wind hydrogen new energy system serving as a power supply source and belongs to the technical field of new energy application. A photovoltaic power generation system, a wind power generation system and a hydrogen fuel battery generate a current respectively in power generation process; the three currents are converged into the current with increased current amount by an electric lead, a diode and a power conversion current convergence device; after the current with the increased current amount is regulated by a controller, a direct current is converted into an alternating current by an inverter; the alternating current is input into the microwave oven by a switch; after input into a high-voltage transformer and boosted, a part of the alternating current is input into a magnetically controlled microwave tube by a high-voltage capacitor and a high-voltage diode to generate a micro wave, so the heat of foods placed in a glass rotary plate inside an oven cavity is increased; and the other part of the alternating current drives a wind exhaust fan to exhaust wind and simultaneously drives the glass rotary plate and the foods in the glass rotary plate to rotate together, so an effect of uniformly increasing the heat is achieved.

The invention discloses a test method for the endurance of a photovoltaic component in hot and humid environments. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing outdoor exposing on the photovoltaic component to be tested, which is in the state of an open circuit; (2) exposing the photovoltaic component to be tested, which is exposed outdoors with ultraviolet light; (3) connecting the photovoltaic component to be tested, which is exposed with the ultraviolet light in a short-circuit manner, and testing the salt-spray corrosion of the photovoltaic component to be tested, which is in a short-circuit state; (4) testing the condensation humid of the photovoltaic component to be tested, on which the salt-spray corrosion test is performed; (5) testing an STH combined environment of the photovoltaic component to be tested, on which the condensation humid test is performed. The test method uses the true reaction service environment condition as the purpose, the illumination is introduced, besides, factors like seasons change and diurnal change are considered, and the light or hot or humid cycle tests are designed; the test method uses the representation the situation that the material is failed as the purpose, and combined tests, such as ultra violet resistance and salt fog corrosion tests are introduced, so that the durability of key materials of the photovoltaic component is checked comprehensively; the insufficiency of the standard test method can be overcome, and the using performance of the photovoltaic component in the long service term under the condition of humid and hot environments can be reflected.

The invention relates to a distributed photovoltaic project spontaneous self-use comprehensive electricity price prediction method, and the method comprises the steps: predicting the hour-level generating capacity of a photovoltaic power station according to the historical irradiation data of a site selection place of the power station; obtaining power consumption load data of the power consumption enterprise, comparing the power consumption load with the photovoltaic power generation power in different time periods, and judging the consumption types in different time periods; and according tothe constructed model, measuring and calculating the enterprise consumption distributed photovoltaic power in different time periods, and finally obtaining the self-generation and self-use comprehensive electricity price of the enterprise. The problem that the spontaneous self-use electricity price cannot be well predicted in the previous distributed photovoltaic industry is solved. The prediction can help the distributed photovoltaic power station investment enterprises to more accurately evaluate the investment income condition of the distributed photovoltaic power station. And the earlier-stage investment income analysis and decision making of the distributed photovoltaic project are more scientific and effective.