The invention discloses a wireless sensor network application-oriented low-power consumption radio frequency receiving and sending device which comprises a duplexer, a radio frequency front end, a variable gain complex filter, an automatic frequency tuning circuit, a programmable gain amplifier, a phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer, a digital processor, a storage, a variable gain power amplifier, a mixer and a low pass filter, wherein the duplexer, the radio frequency front end, the variable gain complex filter, the automatic frequency tuning circuit and the programmable gain amplifier form a receiving link which is used for receiving and processing a radio frequency signal and converting the radio frequency signal into a low-medium frequency digital signal so that the signal can be conveniently processed by a subsequent analog-digital converter later; the duplexer, the variable gain power amplifier, the mixer and the low pass filter form an emitting link which is used for mixing a baseband analog modulation signal into a carrier frequency and sending a wireless signal; and the receiving link and the emitting link share the duplexer. The wireless sensor network application-oriented low-power consumption radio frequency receiving and sending device realizes singlechip integration by adopting a standard CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) process, is simple in structure and low in power consumption, and is applicable to a wireless sensor network.