686 results about "Black body" patented technology

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices, methods of forming such devices, and elements of such devices. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides devices configured for vaporization of an aerosol precursor composition through radiant heating. The radiant heat source may be a laser diode or further element suitable for providing electromagnetic radiation, and heating may be carried out within an optional chamber, which can be a radiation-trapping chamber. In some embodiments, an interior of such chamber may be configured as a black body or as a white body.

Methods and apparatus for disinfecting and / or filtering fluids, such as water, are disclosed. One embodiment is directed to a method of providing treated fluid, comprising acts of receiving the fluid into a chamber, filtering the fluid of particulate matter and / or chemicals within the chamber, disinfecting the fluid with an ultraviolet light source within the chamber, and dispensing the fluid from the chamber. Methods and apparatus for improving the efficiency of a light source, such as a light source used for ultraviolet disinfection, are also disclosed. Another embodiment is directed to an improved-efficiency ultraviolet disinfection device, comprising a chamber, and a black body radiator disposed therein and adapted to emit light in the ultraviolet spectrum. At least a portion of the chamber is constructed and arranged to reflect an amount of emitted light that is sufficient to cause regenerative heating of the black body radiator back toward the black body radiator.

An LED device and an LED lighting apparatus using the same can include a casing including a cavity and at least one pair of LED chips including a first and second LED chips. The LED chips can be adjacently located in the cavity, and an encapsulating resin including a phosphor can be disposed in the cavity so as to encapsulate the LED chips. A light-emitting surface of the first LED chip can be covered with a transparent resin, and therefore color temperatures of light emitted from the first and second LED chips can be located on a substantially black body due to a difference between their distances to the encapsulating resin. Thus, the LED lighting apparatus using the LED device can selectively emit white light having a preferable color temperature that is close to a natural color between the color temperatures by adjusting current applied to the LED chips.

Phononic crystals that have the ability to modify and control the thermal black body phonon distribution and the phonon component of heat transport in a solid. In particular, the thermal conductivity and heat capacity can be modified by altering the phonon density of states in a phononic crystal. The present invention is directed to phononic crystal devices and materials such as radio frequency (RF) tags powered from ambient heat, dielectrics with extremely low thermal conductivity, thermoelectric materials with a higher ratio of electrical-to-thermal conductivity, materials with phononically engineered heat capacity, phononic crystal waveguides that enable accelerated cooling, and a variety of low temperature application devices.

A method of adjusting the N components of an N component colour signal (such as the 3 components of an RGB colour signal) with respect to colour temperature of illuminating light when imaging a coloured subject, comprising the step of computing the difference between each of the components of the colour signal for different temperatures of illuminating light, using an algorithm based on the spectral sensitivity of the imaging means and Planck's equation defining black body illumination to obtain N components whose values are independent of the colour temperature of the illuminating light. Normalisation of the adjusted values renders the values independent of intensity of illumination and can also reduce the processing time for further processing of the signals. A technique for compensating for gamma correction which is commonly built in cameras, is disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a light fixture. The light fixture includes at least one first light source that emits at a peak wavelength in a range of approximately 380 nm to approximately 420 nm and at least one second light source that emits at a different peak wavelength, wherein a combined light output of the at least one first light source and the at least one second light source emits a colored light that is perceived as white light. The white light is defined by having a color rendering index (CRI) value of more than approximately 50. The at least one second light source that emits at a different peak wavelength consists of an xy coordinate on a International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1931 xy color space diagram above a black body curve within a bounded area defined by a first line of approximately y=2.23989x−0.382773 and a second line of approximately y=1.1551x−0.195082. The combined light output has a proportion of spectral energy measured in the approximately 380 nm to approximately 420 nm range of greater than approximately 20%.

Disclosed is a color adjusting arrangement comprising: i) a first wavelength converting material arranged to receive ambient light and capable of converting ambient light of a first wavelength range into light of a second wavelength range, and / or reflecting ambient light of said second wavelength range, said second wavelength range being part of the visible light spectrum; and ii) a complementary wavelength converting material arranged to receive ambient light and capable of converting part of said ambient light into light of a complementary wavelength range, which is complementary to said second wavelength range, and arranged to allow mixing of light of said second wavelength range and said complementary wavelength range; such that light of said second wavelength range that is emitted and / or reflected by said first wavelength converting material and light of said complementary wavelength range is mixed when leaving the color adjusting arrangement towards a viewing position, the light leaving the color adjusting arrangement thereby appearing less colored, i.e. having a color point substantially near the black body line. The invention thus allows an undesirable colored appearance of a semiconductor-phosphor based light source to be at least partly extinguished or neutralized.

Disclosed herein is a light fixture. The light fixture includes at least one first light source that emits at a peak wavelength in a range of approximately 380 nm to approximately 420 nm and at least one second light source that emits at a different peak wavelength, wherein a combined light output of the at least one first light source and the at least one second light source emits a colored light that is perceived as white light. The white light is defined by having a color rendering index (CRI) value of more than approximately 50. The at least one second light source that emits at a different peak wavelength consists of an xy coordinate on a International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1931 xy color space diagram above a black body curve within a bounded area defined by a first line of approximately y=2.23989x−0.382773 and a second line of approximately y=1.1551x−0.195082. The combined light output has a proportion of spectral energy measured in the approximately 380 nm to approximately 420 nm range of greater than approximately 20%.

The invention requests to protect an infrared focal plane array blind pixel detection method based on integral time adjustment, belongs to the technical field of signal detection. Aiming at the condition limitation that the traditional blind pixel detection method based on a standard black body radiation source depends on an expensive black body and a fixed dark room and the blind pixel detectioncannot be performed as required anytime anywhere, the invention provides a method of flexibly and conveniently adjusting a response output value of the infrared focal plane array in different integral time through a CPLD (complex programmable logic device) programming, computing a response rate of each detection unit according to the response output value and detecting the blind pixel according to the blind pixel definition. The detection unit response output value, the blind pixel detection and the blink pixel compensation in different integral time are recorded. The method provided by the invention has a simple implementation process, and has application and spread value in the IRFPA (infrared focal plane array) blind pixel detection.

A method of adjusting the N components of an N component color signal (such as the 3 components of an RGB color signal) with respect to color temperature of illuminating light when imaging a colored subject, comprising the step of computing the difference between each of the components of the color signal for different temperatures of illuminating light, using an algorithm based on the spectral sensitivity of the imaging means and Planck's equation defining black body illumination to obtain N components whose values are independent of the color temperature of the illuminating light. Normalisation of the adjusted values renders the values independent of intensity of illumination and can also reduce the processing time for further processing of the signals. A technique for compensating for gamma correction which is commonly built in cameras, is disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a light fixture. The light fixture includes at least one first light source that emits at a peak wavelength in a range of approximately 380 nm to approximately 420 nm and at least one second light source that emits at a different peak wavelength, wherein a combined light output of the at least one first light source and the at least one second light source emits a colored light that is perceived as white light. The white light is defined by having a color rendering index (CRI) value of more than approximately 50. The at least one second light source that emits at a different peak wavelength consists of an xy coordinate on a International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1931 xy color space diagram above a black body curve within a bounded area defined by a first line of approximately y=2.23989x−0.382773 and a second line of approximately y=1.1551x−0.195082. The combined light output has a proportion of spectral energy measured in the approximately 380 nm to approximately 420 nm range of greater than approximately 20%.

The invention discloses an infrared temperature measurement calibration method. The method is characterized by through introducing an environment temperature variation and a temperature measurement distance, compensating a temperature measurement deviation brought by a temperature drift, in a temperature-regulated box, continuously changing an environment temperature in the box and using a black body to carry out temperature calibration, and acquiring a first corresponding relation between an image gray scale capable of reflecting an infrared heat radiation energy size and the environment temperature; in addition, correspondingly acquiring a second corresponding relation between the image gray scale and a black body temperature and a third corresponding relation between the image gray scale and a temperature measurement distance; and finally, fitting the first corresponding relation, the second corresponding relation and the third corresponding relation through a BP neural network andcalculating temperature information of an infrared temperature measurement system heat radiation target through fitting. A problem that temperature measurement precision is low because of the temperature drift caused by an environment temperature change is overcome, infrared temperature measurement precision is increased, and a false alarm rate of fault detection is reduced.

The present invention relates to a method for illuminating a scene having an average lighting setting, the method comprising the steps of receive scene information from an image sensor (110) comprising a plurality of pixels, determine chromaticity coordinates for the scene based on the scene information, and determine, based on the chromaticity coordinates, control values used for driving the at least two differently colored light sources (L1, L2, L3), thereby allowing for illumination of the scene without essentially changing the average lighting setting of the scene. The present invention provides for the possibility to in a more precise way match the average lighting setting of the scene, wherein it is possible to produced light that assure a more natural rendering of illuminated objects in the scene. In comparison to the prior art, for light sources which have spectra far from the black body curve, the chromaticity coordinates are a better representation of the color of ambient light illuminating the scene than when using the correlated color temperature. The present invention also relates to a corresponding illumination device (100).

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for measuring the temperature of a target object by using a thermal infrared imager. The method comprises the following steps: calibrating the thermal infrared imager by using black bodies to obtain a temperature-gray level curve of the thermal infrared imager; calculating the tweak parameter of an infrared image by using the gray values of images obtained at different shutter temperatures and black body temperatures of the thermal infrared imager; correcting the infrared image of the target object by using the tweak parameter; performing deformation correction on the infrared image; determining the temperature value of the target object according to the gray value of each pixel point of the corrected infrared image and the temperature-gray level curve. According to the method, the influences of environmental factors on infrared temperature measurement are reduced greatly via the correction, and the temperature of a measured object can be measured accurately.

The present standard radiation source comprises a black body having a cavity, a shielding plate positioned at an open end of the cavity, at least one first heater positioned in the shielding plate, at least one second heater positioned on the outer wall of the black body, a first insulation device covering the second heater and a temperature-controlling device positioned on the first insulation device.

After flash irradiation on a semiconductor wafer is started and then the temperatures of front and back surfaces of the semiconductor wafer become equal to each other, the temperature of the back surface of the semiconductor wafer, which has a known emissivity, is measured with a radiation thermometer. The emissivity of the front surface of the semiconductor wafer is calculated based on the intensity of radiated light from a black body having an equal temperature to the temperature of the back surface thereof, and the intensity of radiated light actually radiated from the front surface of the semiconductor wafer. Then, the temperature of the front surface of the semiconductor wafer heated by the flash irradiation is calculated based on the calculated emissivity and the intensity of the radiated light from the front surface of the semiconductor wafer that has been measured after the flash irradiation is started.

The invention provides a temperature measurement correction system and method for a thermal infrared imager. The system includes an infrared optical module, a plane black body and a high and low temperature box arranged in the thermal infrared imager, wherein a focal plane of the to-be-corrected thermal infrared imager is aligned with the plane black body through the infrared optical module, radiation of the plane black body is uniformly irradiated on the focal plane, a preset distance between the to-be-corrected thermal infrared imager and the plane black body is kept, the to-be-corrected thermal infrared imager is placed in the high and low temperature box for preheating, and subsequent calibration is performed after the temperature is stabilized. The system is advantaged in that the distance of a measured object is compensated by an optical system, influence of surface emissivity of the measured object and the environment temperature on temperature measurement is compensated by thecorrection method, the thermal infrared imager is made to be more adaptable to the measured object and the environment, gain and the bias effect of the thermal infrared imager on external radiation under different temperatures are accurately calibrated, a temperature measurement error caused by temperature change of an instrument in the temperature measurement process is avoided, an additional device such as a shutter is not needed for calibration, and the structure of the instrument is simplified.

The invention relates to an infrared two-point non-uniform calibrating method based on a frame black body field diaphragm, belonging to the field of infrared thermal imaging. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging an automatically-telescopic frame black body field diaphragm on a diaphragm of an infrared thermal imager and performing two-point calibration under a frame to obtain a gain calibration factor and an offset calibration factor of a detection unit under the coverage of a frame black body; acquiring f frames of initially-calibrated images respectively on two scenes to obtain f-1 groups of inter-frame displacement parameters on every scene; and acquiring calibration parameters of f-1 groups of images with inter-frame displacement on an internal detection unit by adopting an algebraic method, and averaging the frames to obtain finial calibration matrixes G and 0 for calibrating the entire field of a subsequent infrared video. The method has the advantages of rapidness, self-adaption and system miniaturization, and can be applied to the fields of designing, production and manufacturing of refrigerating and non-refrigerating infrared focal plane detector thermalimaging systems, satellite infrared thermal imaging systems, infrared alarm systems, scientific researches and the like.

The present invention relates to a system, method and tool for optimizing combination of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and to an optimized combination of LEDs. The system and method provide a plurality of LEDs and corresponding specifications. Then, a color temperature and a color rendering index are selected. Calculations are performed for subgroups of LEDs. At least one optimized combination of LEDs having an optimized corresponding luminous flux is identified according to selected color temperature, color rendering index and LEDs' specifications. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a tool for optimizing white light generated by a combination of LEDs. The tool comprises a repository for storing specifications for the combination of LEDs, a selection module for selecting at least one of the following parameters: a color temperature, a color rendering index and a maximum shift variance from a black body locus, and a processing module for calculating for subgroups of LEDs resulting color temperature, color rendering index, luminous flux, and for identifying an optimized selection of LEDs. The present invention also relates to an optimized combination of LEDs for producing white light with high color rendering index, the combination of LEDs excluding blue LEDs.

An LED lighting unit and a method for manufacturing the same can include a first cavity and a second cavity which has a depth that is different from that of the first cavity. The first and the second cavities can include an LED chip and an encapsulating resin including a phosphor. Color temperatures of light emitted from these cavities can be controlled by changing thicknesses of the encapsulating resin based on the depth of each of these cavities so as to be located on a substantially black body, and the variability of the optical characteristics can be reduced due to the simple structure. Thus, the LED lighting unit can emit light having a favorable color temperature that is close to a natural light using light that is emitted from these cavities. The manufacturing method can include forming the thickness of the encapsulating resin with accuracy, and therefore can provide a suitable LED lighting unit for various lighting systems.

A foundation cloud measuring method combining infrared and lasers comprises the following steps that (1) atmosphere downward infrared radiation data are obtained through an uncooled infrared focal planar array sensor, zenith backward extinction coefficient profile data are obtained through a laser sensor, and the obtaining time of the atmosphere downward infrared radiation data is synchronous with the obtaining time of the zenith backward extinction coefficient profile data; (2) water vapor and aerosol radiation under cloud are estimated by combining the data, clear sky threshold values calculated through a radiation transmission pattern are used for conducting initial cloud detection, it is assumed that the cloud is a black body, and the cloud base height is obtained through inversion; (3) sequence analysis is conducted on infrared radiation images with high time resolution, the clear sky threshold values are combined to conduct further cloud detection, and the cloud cover is calculated; (4) proportionality coefficients between the cloud base height obtained through the infrared radiation inversion and the cloud base height obtained through laser measurement are fitted; (5) the cloud base height of a whole view field is corrected, and the typical cloud base heights of every ten minutes are obtained through calculation.

An embodiment of the invention discloses a correcting device of a thermal infrared imager. The correcting device comprises a first driving device, a first black body blocking piece, a second driving device, a second black body blocking piece and a controller, wherein the first black body blocking piece is provided with a first temperature and connected to an output end of the first driving device; the second black body blocking piece is provided with a second temperature and connected to an output end of the second driving device; and the controller is connected to the first driving device and the second driving device, controls the first black body blocking piece to move between a first position and a second position, and controls the second black body blocking piece to move between a third position and a fourth position. According to the correcting device of the thermal infrared imager, the first black body blocking piece and the second black body blocking piece respectively move to the position between an infrared focal plane detector and an infrared lens to obtain a first infrared original image and a second infrared original image, so that correcting parameters of infrared images are obtained. Therefore, the correcting device can perform correcting parameter update on the thermal infrared imager in real time to adapt to different conditions and environment changes.

The invention relates to a more accurate system for calibration and / or characterization of temperature measurement instruments by telemetry, involving a reference unit with thermal gradient defined by a disc with thermal gradient, comprising at least one concentric heat diffuser metal ring, with temperature sensors that generate a staggered radial temperature profile mechanically linked with a cavity of a black body, housed in an electric furnace to produce and control the temperature thereof; a method for calibration of instruments for measuring temperature by telemetry; using a measurement subsystem for calibration of temperature measurement by telemetry, disposed opposite at least one said furnaces, consisting of a platform with longitudinal graduated scale as an indicator of distance, which is adapted to mount pattern equipment and the equipment to be calibrated; a PC, in which temperature readings of the reference ring system with thermal gradient of the cylindrical cavity of black body and, reference pattern equipment with traceability, are feed to obtain a temperature profile that allows, through a specialized mathematical calculation program based on comparisons, calibrate and / or characterize the temperature measuring instruments by telemetry.

The invention provides a temperature measurement method and device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium and relates to the field of artificial intelligence. The method comprises steps of obtaining an image frame pair (comprising a visible light image and an infrared image collected at the same time) containing a target object through a visible light camera and a thermal imaging camera; arranging a black body in an image acquisition area of the thermal imaging camera; determining a measurement temperature of the target object based on the image frame pair; performing black body detection of the infrared image to obtain the black body detection result (including the position information of the black body in the infrared image); determining the measurement temperatureof the black body based on the detection result of the black body and the infrared image; and correcting the measured temperature of the target object according to the measured temperature of the black body and the preset temperature of the black body, and taking the corrected temperature as the temperature measurement result of the target object. The method is advantaged in that accuracy of temperature measurement can be effectively improved.

Silicon Carbide (SiC) probe designs for extreme temperature and pressure sensing uses a single crystal SiC optical chip encased in a sintered SiC material probe. The SiC chip may be protected for high temperature only use or exposed for both temperature and pressure sensing. Hybrid signal processing techniques allow fault-tolerant extreme temperature sensing. Wavelength peak-to-peak (or null-to-null) collective spectrum spread measurement to detect wavelength peak / null shift measurement forms a coarse-fine temperature measurement using broadband spectrum monitoring. The SiC probe frontend acts as a stable emissivity Black-body radiator and monitoring the shift in radiation spectrum enables a pyrometer. This application combines all-SiC pyrometry with thick SiC etalon laser interferometry within a free-spectral range to form a coarse-fine temperature measurement sensor. RF notch filtering techniques improve the sensitivity of the temperature measurement where fine spectral shift or spectrum measurements are needed to deduce temperature.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a nonuniform correction method for a thermal infrared imager. The nonuniform correction method for the thermal infrared imager comprises the following steps: measuring the gray value of the infrared image of a black body and the gray value of the infrared image of a catch at at least two temperatures to obtain the function relationship between a black body image gray value and a catch image gray value; when the catch is used for carrying out nonuniform correction on the thermal infrared imager, converting the infrared image of the catch into a conversion image which satisfies the function relationship; and carrying out nonuniform correction by the conversion image. Therefore, the nonuniform correction comprises the nonuniform correction caused to a lens, and nonuniformity introduced in by the lens can be reduced or compensated together so as to improve the imaging quality of the thermal infrared imager.

The combination of an infrared phosphor fluorescing at wavelengths between 8 μm and 13 μm with a wavelength-selective cold mirror glazing transparent to the fluoresced radiation can create a device capable of providing passive radiative cooling in tropical heat and humidity in locations with an unobstructed view of sky. The concentration of thermal radiative energy into the narrow band radiated by the phosphor, and the reflection of infrared radiation outside that band, provides more net cooling through saturation humidity at 37° C. than does a black-body or conventional selective radiator.

The invention relates to a temperature measurement calibration system and a temperature measurement method. The temperature measurement calibration system comprises a black body unit, a thermal imaging unit, a step-in high-and-low-temperature chamber and a control unit. The control unit is used for controlling the black body unit to generate thermal radiation according to preset radiation temperature in each preset time period, adjusting the temperature of the step-in high-and-low-temperature chamber in different time periods according to a preset temperature value and controlling the thermal imaging unit to rotate until an imaging center of the thermal imaging unit is aligned to a heating center of the black body unit; the control unit fits data of temperature values, measured at different high and low temperatures, of all black body radiation sources; during temperature measurement, a temperature value inputted by the thermal imaging unit is operated according to a fitting formula to acquire a final temperature measurement result; the thermal imaging unit is used for measuring the temperature of the black body unit and sends the measured temperature to the control unit. By the temperature measurement calibration system and the temperature measurement method, response curves of a plurality of thermal infrared imagers at different environment temperatures are calibrated to compensate influences of temperature drift on accuracy in temperature measurement in practical application.

The invention discloses a temperature correction method for infrared temperature measurement, and an infrared thermal imager. The method completes the temperature correction through the following steps: obtaining the position vectors between N black bodies at different positions and an infrared thermometer, improving the correction precision through the black bodies at different positions, and providing a data source for the temperature correction; then, respectively measuring the temperatures of the black bodies by using a contact type temperature measuring sensor and the infrared thermometer, calculating the relative temperature differences of the black bodies, and based on the temperature differences and the spatial relationship between the black bodies and the infrared thermometer, incombination with preset parameters of the external environment such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, illumination conditions and the like, using a mathematical analysis technology to obtain correction parameters, and correcting the temperature measurement value of a measured object to complete temperature correction of the infrared thermometer. The high-precision constant-temperature controlof the black bodies is converted into real-time accurate monitoring of the temperature of the black bodies, so that the calibration cost is effectively controlled, and the temperature measurement accuracy is ensured.

The invention discloses a method for measuring influence of background factors to infrared temperature measurement. The method comprises the following steps of: memorizing calibrated experimental data into a software system for measuring the influence of the background factors to the infrared temperature measurement; starting a black body, an infrared thermal image component, an industrial personal computer and a measuring software system; acquiring and displaying a thermal image video though an image acquiring card by the software system after the block body is constant at a certain temperature T, adjusting the parameter of the infrared thermal image component, and memorizing the thermal image in the form of bmp after the thermal image is clear; opening the memorized thermal image, selecting a black body region in the thermal image, and reading the mean gray level of the black body by the system; calling a database to search the calibrated gray level corresponding to the T temperature; and obtaining the error between the mean gray level and the calibrated gray level, wherein the error reflects the degree of the influence of the background factors to the infrared temperature measurement. The method can quantificationally measure the influence of the background factors to the infrared temperature measurement when practically measuring the temperature, wherein in result can be used in the compensation of the temperature measurement to finally improve the accuracy of the temperature measurement.