The invention provides a method for synchronously caching by multiple clients in a distributed file system. The method comprises the following steps of: taking a metadata server as a control node, in which a client caches information, and recording a storage state of each client on the metadata server according to a maintained index node on the metadata server; and dividing the metadata information into read only cache and writable cache according to the client cache attribute, wherein for the read only cache for metadata, when the client reads the metadata for the first time, the metadata server authorizes a read only authority or a writable cache authority to the client, and the client always has the authority after finishing operation; and for the writable cache for the metadata, the modification of the client is temporarily stored locally, and when a write-back trigger condition is met, writing-back is performed. According to the method, the cache consistency among different clients is strictly guaranteed; and furthermore, compared with a distributed phase locked method for Lustre and a general parallel file system (GPFS), the method is relatively low in development cost.