The invention discloses a rapid
combustion, purification and regeneration device for
black smoke and
exhaust gas discharged by vehicles. A gas inlet unit, a
combustion unit, a buffer propagating
combustion unit, a filter unit, a
discharge unit and an
automatic control unit are arranged in sequence; the
exhaust gas is fed in a combustion cavity in the combustion unit via the gas inlet unit; after fuel is ejected and atomized by a fuel atomizing
nozzle not blown by an
exhaust gas current, an igniter is immediately fitted for igniting and combusting, and air is input in the combustion cavity for supporting the combustion by using an air pressure pump; the high-temperature exhaust gas is passed through a filter buffer chamber and a propagating
combustion chamber of the buffer propagating combustion unit in sequence; the filter buffer chamber is used for primarily filtering the exhaust gas and slowing down the flowing speed of the exhaust gas so as to prevent the
backflow of the exhaust gas to
blow out the ignited
flame; the exhaust gas is fed in the propagating
combustion chamber to reduce the
backtracking pressure of the exhaust gas, and then is passed through the filter unit and an exhaust
tail pipe; and the high temperature of the exhaust gas is used for removing
carbon deposition of the filter unit so as to maintain the
discharge smoothness of the exhaust gas of a
diesel engine.