The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for remote real-time on-line monitoring and assessment of the pile foundation stability in the freezing-thawing environment. The apparatus comprises a signal receiver, a signal line, a reinforced concrete pile, intelligent aggregates, a temperature sensor, a vibration exciter, an underground signal line, a PZT piezoelectric ceramic plate, a data transmission unit (DTU), a GPRS network, servers, and a user terminal. The apparatus and the method are advantageous in that remote real-time on-line monitoring and assessment of the development of seasonal soil frost heaving in cold regions are realized; the monitoring method is simple and easy; quantitative assessment of the evolution of the stability of the pile foundation in the development process of soil frost heaving is realized; measuring results are accurate and reliable, and real-time assessment and early warning of the pile foundation stability are realized via the analysis of measured data so that remedial measures can be taken in time before the instability of the pile foundation.