The invention relates to a chestnut tree pruning method for general cutting-back castration and yield increase. When crown closure in a chestnut orchard comes near, after leaves fall and before the Spring Festival, thin and weak useless branches are thinned and removed by adopting a centralized pruning method, then mother branches retained for fruiting undergo cutting-back processing, the upper portions of male flower sections of annual branches are removed, the length of the retained branches is 5-10 cm, 3-4 buds at each base portion are retained, and the pruned and retained branches extend in a single-end mode; the branch retaining amount is 12-15 per square meter; tree shapes are open heart shapes. In the pruning way, males can be thinned by 60-80%, accordingly nutrition is saved, tree vigor is strengthened, and the female flower amount is increased by 8-10%. In addition, the growth of branches of branch groups on the backs of the chestnut trees can be effectively controlled, the tree shapes are not disordered and can be kept for a long time, the cella branch amount accounts for 35.8% of the total amount of branches, fruits can be borne inside and outside the chestnut trees, and yield and revenue are increased. The chestnut tree pruning method can delay the lengthening growth of chestnut trees, make tree crown compact, make main branches thick, strong and firm and make the range widened due to tree crown weight increase at growing seasons small, local crown closure is not easily formed, the upward growing state of the branches can be kept, space is saved, more fruits borne on mother branches can be accommodated, and accordingly the yield is increased.