The invention discloses a laser direct writing method based on large-area multi-step binary optical element, which comprises the following steps: processing a 2N-order step data document into a gray BMP image with gray values starting from G0=0 to G2<N>-1=2<N>-1, decomposing the gray BMP image according to exposure metering accumulation formula P=P1+P2+....Pn, Pn=2<n-1>*P1 (n<=N), expressing the exposure metering of all the 2<N>step exposure through separately or accumulatively combination, to realize the covering of the exposure metering of all the steps by maximally overlapping N exposures (P=P1+P2+....Pn) at the position area in the Y stepping direction. The exposure metering of each step is decomposed into X and Y two-dimension unit meterings which are superposed. By adopting the mode of scanning the synchronous pulse triggering exposure, on one hand, the exposure metering is accurately controlled, on the other hand, the photoetching efficiency is improved, all the data are written only once in an entirely digital manner, alignment nesting is not required, and the error probability brought in the middle links can be reduced.