The invention relates to the technical field of micro-nanometer processing and discloses a projection photoetching system with a composite photon sieve. The system comprises a lighting system, a mask plate, the composite photon sieve and a substrate, which are sequentially arranged, wherein the lighting system is used for generating an incident light and emitting the incident light to the mask plate; the mask plate is used for providing an object space for imaging the composite photon sieve and emitting the incident light to the composite photon sieve through the mask plate; the composite photon sieve is used for realizing an imaging function and imaging a graph on the mask plate on the substrate; and the substrate is used for receiving an image, formed by the composite photon sieve, of the graph on the mask plate. The composite photon sieve projection photoetching system has the advantages that: because the composite photon sieve is adopted to replace a projection objective in the conventional projection photoetching system, the advantage of high efficiency of the conventional projection photoetching system can be reserved, quick massive photoetching is realized, photoetching efficiency is improved, cost can be effectively reduced, and the volume of the system is reduced.