The invention discloses a white light QLED device based on quantum well structural quantum dots and a preparation method. The device comprises a substrate, a bottom electrode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a quantum dot luminous layer, an electron transport layer and a top electrode which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The material of the quantum dot luminous layer is composed of quantum well structural single white light quantum dots. Red, green and blue those three kinds of luminophors are doped in the well material of the single white light quantum dots, or the single white light quantum dots are multi-layer quantum well structural quantum dots. According to the device and the method, through utilization of the single white light quantum dot material based on a quantum well structure as the luminophors, the high-efficiency white light QLED device can be obtained; on the one hand, the device is simple in structure, a stacking technology does not need to be employed, on the other hand, energy transfer among different colors of luminophors does not exist, and the problem of loss is reduced. According to the device and the method, the problem that a white light color coordinate drifts due to the fact that the stabilities of different luminophors are different can be improved clearly in the usage process of the device.