307results about How to "Effective exposure" patented technology

A beam extraction process (interruption and restart) is appropriately performed when a failure occurs during irradiation of a spot group. A charged particle irradiation system includes a synchrotron 12 and a scanning irradiation unit 15 that scans an ion beam extracted from the synchrotron over a subject. The extraction of the ion beam from the synchrotron is stopped on the basis of a beam extraction stop command. Scanning magnets 5A and 5B are controlled to change a point (spot) to be irradiated with the ion beam, while the extraction of the ion beam is stopped. The extraction of the ion beam from the synchrotron is restarted after the change of the spot to be irradiated. When a relatively minor failure in which continuous irradiation would be possible occurs during irradiation of a certain spot with the beam, the extraction of the beam is not immediately stopped.

To provide a laser irradiation apparatus and a laser irradiation method in which a region formed with microcrystals in a region irradiated with laser beams is decreased by disposing a slit in an optical system using a deflector, and laser processing can be favorably conducted to a semiconductor film. Further to provide a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus using the above-described laser irradiation apparatus and the laser irradiation method. In the optical system, an f-θ lens having an image space telecentric characteristic or a slit the shape of which is changed in accordance with the incidence angle of a laser beam, is used. The slit is disposed between the f-θ lens and an irradiation surface, and an image at a slit opening portion is projected onto the irradiation surface by a projection lens. By the above-described structure, laser irradiation can be uniformly conducted to a whole region scanned with laser beams.

A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. An ultraviolet transparency of a fluid can be determined before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and / or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and / or higher disinfection rates. In addition, various attributes of the disinfection chamber, such as the position of the inlet(s) and outlet(s), the shape of the disinfection chamber, and other attributes of the disinfection chamber can be utilized to create a turbulent flow of the fluid within the disinfection chamber to promote mixing and improve uniform ultraviolet exposure.

A compact light source module includes a compact light source and a collimator that includes a parabolic first reflective surface to reduce a radiation angle at which a light beam radiates from the compact light source, so as to emit the light beam through a side aperture and a plane second reflective surface which is located under the first reflective surface and comprises an incident portion through which the light beam radiates from the compact light source. The compact light source is located in the vicinity of a focal point of the first reflective surface.

A germicidal system and method for deactivating pathogens on the surface of a bodily extremity protected by a prophylactic covering substantially opaque to UV-C radiation. The device includes an enclosure having one or more openings through which the extremity can be inserted. The enclosure contains a radiation source configured to produce germicidal radiation having a wavelength of about 253.7 nm. The openings are configured relative to the radiation source such that the inserted extremity is in close proximity to the radiation source. The prophylactic covered extremity is preferably a gloved hand thereby sanitizing the surface of the glove. The extremity inserted is preferably exposed for a predetermined period of time to ensure a desired level of sanitization. Optionally, the device can include an orientation detector to determine the position of the user's hand and the spread of the user's fingers, and a surface detector to determine whether the user's hand is covered by a glove.

An optical system (in FIGS. 1A and 1B) wherein a rectilinear laser beam of homogeneous energy distribution is defined for annealing a non-single crystalline semiconductor film (a surface to-be-irradiated 1108), is constructed of reflectors (1106, 1107 etc.) easily and inexpensively without including lenses of transmission type. The rectilinear laser beam can be defined having a length of at least 600 (mm) which corresponds to the shorter latus of a large-sized substrate for mass production.

An ultraviolet ray-emitting element is provided in a frame-like member disposed between an apparatus module and an apparatus case by corresponding to a peripheral portion of a protective glass. A light in an ultraviolet range from the ultraviolet ray-emitting element is irradiated between the module and the protective glass. A luminescent layer to which an ultraviolet ray is irradiated emits a light.

A compact light source module includes a compact light source and a collimator that includes a parabolic first reflective surface to reduce a radiation angle at which a light beam radiates from the compact light source, so as to emit the light beam through a side aperture and a plane second reflective surface which is located under the first reflective surface and comprises an incident portion through which the light beam radiates from the compact light source. The compact light source is located in the vicinity of a focal point of the first reflective surface.

A layer of an organic insulating material which functions as a laser removal layer, preferably, a layer of an organic insulating material used during manufacture of an organic EL panel, is formed over a terminal formed when an organic EL element is formed or a TFT for driving the organic EL element is formed. After the organic EL element is formed, a protection film is formed to cover an entire surface of the panel substrate and laser light which can be absorbed by the layer on the terminal covered by the protection film and made of the organic insulating material is irradiated to cause ablation in this layer so that the layer of the organic insulating material and the protection film are simultaneously removed to expose the terminal.

A germicidal system and method for deactivating pathogens on the surface of a bodily extremity protected by a prophylactic covering substantially opaque to UV-C radiation. The device includes an enclosure having one or more openings through which the extremity can be inserted. The enclosure contains a radiation source configured to produce germicidal radiation having a wavelength of about 253.7 nm. The openings are configured relative to the radiation source such that the inserted extremity is in close proximity to the radiation source. The prophylactic covered extremity is preferably a gloved hand thereby sanitizing the surface of the glove. The extremity inserted is preferably exposed for a predetermined period of time to ensure a desired level of sanitization. Optionally, the device can include an orientation detector to determine the position of the user's hand and the spread of the user's fingers, and a surface detector to determine whether the user's hand is covered by a glove.

An optical lithography system comprises a light source, a spatial light modulator, imaging optics and means for continuously moving a photosensitive substrate relative to the spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator comprises at least one array of individually switchable elements. The spatial light modulator is continuously illuminated and an image of the spatial light modulator is continuously projected on the substrate; consequently, the image is constantly moving across the surface of the substrate. While the image is moving across the surface, elements of the spatial light modulator are switched such that a pixel on the surface of the substrate receives, in serial, doses of energy from multiple elements of the spatial light modulator, thus forming a latent image on the substrate surface. The imaging optics is configured to project a blurred image of the spatial light modulator on the substrate, enabling sub-pixel resolution feature edge placement.

A light-emitting device is disclosed which allows efficient irradiation of light from a plurality of light sources to achieve a predetermined light emission characteristic and has a small size. The light-emitting device has an optical member which includes a first reflecting surface which reflects light incident thereon from a first light source, a second reflecting surface which reflects light incident thereon from a second light source, and an emergence portion which causes the light from the first reflecting surface and the light form the second reflecting surface to emerge therefrom. The optical member reflects the light by the second reflecting surface and then transmits the light through the first reflecting surface to guide the light to the emergence portion.

A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. An ultraviolet transparency of a fluid can be determined before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and / or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and / or higher disinfection rates. In addition, various attributes of the disinfection chamber, such as the position of the inlet(s) and outlet(s), the shape of the disinfection chamber, and other attributes of the disinfection chamber can be utilized to create a turbulent flow of the fluid within the disinfection chamber to promote mixing and improve uniform ultraviolet exposure.

According to one embodiment, the invention comprises a system and method for hedging an investment. In various embodiments, a risk parameter associated with the investment is identified. According to some aspects of invention, the risk parameter may correspond to Foreign Exchange risk. A notional value of the underlying investment is determined or otherwise calculated. Then one or more maturity events are determined or otherwise constructed. The notional value and the maturity events can be used to create or otherwise issue an investment hedge for the risk parameter. Upon the occurrence of one of the pre-determined maturity events, the investment hedge's notional value is adjusted. A premium may also calculated for the investment hedge in various embodiments.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for constantly setting the energy distribution of a laser beam on an irradiating face, and uniformly irradiating the laser beam to the entire irradiating face. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device including this laser irradiating method in a process. Therefore, the present invention is characterized in that the shapes of plural laser beams on the irradiating face are formed by an optical system in an elliptical shape or a rectangular shape, and the plural laser beams are irradiated while the irradiating face is moved in a first direction, and the plural laser beams are irradiated while the irradiating face is moved in a second direction and is moved in a direction reverse to the first direction. The plural laser beams may be irradiated while the irradiating face is moved in the first direction, and the plural laser beams may be irradiated while the irradiating face is moved in the direction reverse to the first direction, and the irradiating face may be also moved in the second direction.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-doped porous carbon-coated metal nano composite catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding a fluoride into an acidic solution for reaction, then adding M<n+1>AX<n>, carrying out magnetic stirring reaction under a water bath condition, cleaning a product with deionized water, centrifuging, then sequentially carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and centrifuging with an organic solvent and deionized water, and carrying out freeze drying so as to obtain a reactant 1; 2) weighing a certain amount of thereactant 1, adding deionized water and an organic solvent, carrying out uniform ultrasonic dispersion, dissolving a transition metal salt and urea in deionized water, adding an obtained mixture in anobtained mixed solution of the reactant 1, and carrying out magnetic stirring reaction under an oil bath condition to obtain a reactant 2; 3) performing heat treatment on the reactant 2 and a nitrogen-containing compound in a high-temperature furnace to obtain a reactant 3; and 4) performing high-temperature reduction on the reactant 3 in a protective atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen-doped porouscarbon-coated metal nano composite catalyst. According to the preparation method, the problems that the oxygen reduction catalyst prepared in the prior art is easy to agglomerate and the ORR activityis reduced due to less exposure of active sites are solved.

A collimator device has at least one masking device that is adjustable between two end positions for collimation of a beam fan in an x-ray CT device, wherein the x-ray fan is schematically not masked in a first end position. The x-ray beam is more than half-masked in a second end position of the masking device. In a method for operation of such a collimator device as well as an x-ray CT device for examination of a subject having an x-ray source, a collimator device, and a control device for regulation of the aperture width of the masking device, an x-ray detector is arranged opposite the x-ray source and the collimator device and that detects the x-rays modified due to the intervening examination subject; and an image construction device reconstructs an image of the examination subject therefrom.

A method of patterning a substrate comprises providing an array of resist features defined by a first pitch and a first gap width between adjacent resist features. Particles are introduced into the array of resist features, wherein the array of resist features becomes hardened. The introduction of particles may cause a reduction in critical dimension of the resist features. Sidewalls are provided on side portions of hardened resist features. Subsequent to the formation of the sidewalls, the hardened resist features are removed, leaving an array of isolated sidewalls disposed on the substrate. The sidewall array provides a mask for double patterning of features in the substrate layers disposed below the sidewalls, wherein an array of features formed in the substrate has a second pitch equal to half that of the first pitch.

Methods for formulating a liposome comprised of a surfactant and a cryopreservative that can be frozen for long term stability, and upon thawing provides an immediate and sustained release delivery profile. Specific liposome formulations include anti-infectives and delivery of such for treatment of respiratory tract infections and other medical conditions, and devices and formulations used in connection with such are described.

An ultraviolet ray-emitting element is provided in a frame-like member disposed between an apparatus module and an apparatus case by corresponding to a peripheral portion of a protective glass. A light in an ultraviolet range from the ultraviolet ray-emitting element is irradiated between the module and the protective glass. A luminescent layer to which an ultraviolet ray is irradiated emits a light.

A way of using narrowband irradiation to de-ice or release ice from a surface is provided. The methodology can be applied to a range of different types of de-icing from windshield de-icing to aircraft wing de-icing to releasing ice from the ice tray of an ice making machine. While there are many different specific applications, the concept and methodologies taught remain similar across all of them.

To utilize effectively the panel space of the liquid crystal panel, this invention has provided a wiring structure, in which the seal material and BM are coated in a superposition and the UV light is irradiated from one side of the TFT substrate; this invention has also provided a wiring structure, in which the seal material can still be irradiated by the UV light with high efficiency, meanwhile, the drop of the resistance value of the metal wiring on the TFT substrate can be restricted to a specific range. The solution is: the liquid crystal dropped is sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the CF substrate, meanwhile the liquid crystal panel is formed by adhering the light cured seal material disposed at the peripheral area of two substrates. In the adhering-formed liquid crystal panel, for the wiring portion, which is the portion of wiring disposed on the TFT substrate superposing the light cured seal material, the wiring structure is formed as follows, that is, the region of the seal material is divided into three regions, an adjacent region, a middle region and an outer region. The function of the respective regions must be held, and the resistance of the metal wiring is minimized under the precondition that the respective function is satisfied sufficiently.

The invention comprises A comprises a system and method for hedging or mitigating mortality exposure risk in a portfolio of mortality-dependent instruments. A mortality risk or longevity risk of the portfolio is calculated or otherwise determined. Then the sensitivity of the portfolio to mortality risk or longevity risk is calculated or otherwise determined, in other words, how much is cost or value of the portfolio affected by a change in mortality rate. To account for that mortality exposure, a selection is made of building block mortality derivatives that include age-based mortality derivatives. The selected plurality of selected plurality of building block mortality derivatives are used to create a hedge against the mortality risk or longevity risk of the portfolio.

Provided is a method for forming a near-field light generating element, which is capable of sufficiently suppressing the unevenness of a waveguide surface and the distortion within the waveguide. The forming method comprises the steps of: forming a first etching stopper layer on a lower waveguide layer; forming a second etching stopper layer; forming, on the second etching stopper layer, a plasmon antenna material layer; performing etching with the second etching stopper layer used as a stopper, to form a first side surface of plasmon antenna; forming a side-surface protecting mask so as to cover the first side surface; and performing etching with the first and second etching stopper layers used as stoppers, to form the second side surface. By providing the first and second etching stopper layer, over-etching can be prevented even when each etching process takes enough etch time, which allows easy management of etching endpoints.

The invention discloses an antibacterial ceramic tile. The antibacterial ceramic tile comprises an antibacterial glaze layer arranged on the upper surface of a ceramic tile; the antibacterial glaze layer is composed of a basic transparent glaze and a zirconium phosphate loaded composite antibacterial agent; the zirconium phosphate loaded composite antibacterial agent comprises a zirconium phosphate carrier and a composite antibacterial agent; the zirconium phosphate loaded composite antibacterial agent is accumulated at the upper part of the antibacterial glaze layer, and antibacterial effective components of the composite antibacterial agent are antibacterial oxides and antibacterial ions. According to a preparation method, zirconium phosphate is introduced into the antibacterial glaze layer on the surface of the ceramic tile; by utilizing the characteristic of low density of zirconium phosphate, zirconium phosphate is accumulated at the upper part of the glaze layer after being sintered at a high temperature to form a surface with a porous structure, so that the zirconium phosphate is used as a carrier to which the composite antibacterial agent is attached, the binding force of antibacterial materials and the ceramic tile is enhanced, the ceramic tile is endowed with long-acting and excellent antibacterial performance, and meanwhile, the surface appearance decoration effect of the ceramic tile is not influenced. The invention further discloses a preparation process of the antibacterial ceramic tile, and the preparation process is simple in step, high in controllability and beneficial to large-scale industrial production.

A light combiner having a polarization separation film and transmitting P-polarized light from a first light source unit whereas reflecting S-polarized light from a second light source unit forms combined light, and the angle of incidence of the light from the first light source unit and the angle of incidence of the light from the second light source unit with respect to the polarization separation film are each greater than 45°.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper-cobalt bimetal / porous carbon nanofiber composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: first, preparing copper salt / cobalt salt / biomass tar / polymer-containing composite nanofiber by electrospinning; then, carbonizing the composite nanofiber at a high temperature to prepare a copper-cobalt bimetallic / porous carbon nanofiber composite material; and finally, degrading azo dyes in sewage in the presence of the material. The material not only has a good catalytic effect on acid red 1 (anionic azo dye) and methylene blue (cationic azo dye), but also has a good catalytic effect on a mixed solution of acid red 1 (anionic azo dye) and methylene blue (cation azo dye). The material can catalytically degrade azo dyes under normal temperature and pressure, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low process cost, less catalyst dosage, high reaction rate, high decolorization rate, convenient recovery andthe like, and can be used for rapid degradation of the azo dyes in industrial wastewater.