The invention discloses a data transmission system based on chaotic encryption, comprising a wired network transmission module, a local wireless transmission module, a temporary storage module, a dataprocessing module for processing all data, a movable transmission module, an emergency power supply module, a positioning module, and a data backup module, wherein the data processing module furthercomprises a chaotic encryption unit, a chaotic decryption unit, and a transmission mode analysis unit. Before sending files, the number of files is greatly reduced to not only increase the speed of file transfer between storage devices, but also facilitate uniform encryption of files, and the number of encryptions is reduced to shorten the transmission time. By combining the location information and the size of the total data, the selection of the tariff is cheap, the transmission is carried out in the manner of transmission time end to back up the files, and the power supply and backup recovery are provided in the event of a power failure.