The invention discloses a treatment mechanism of an engine cylinder. The treatment mechanism comprises a chassis, an angle adjusting unit, a clamping unit, a height adjusting unit, a boring power unit, an adjustable boring cutter unit and a heat treatment unit; the clamping unit is mounted at the top of the chassis through the angle adjusting unit; four mounting plates are arranged on the side surface of the chassis at equal angles; the boring power unit is mounted on the mounting plate on the left side through the height adjusting unit; the adjustable boring cutter unit is mounted at the bottom of the boring power unit; the heat treatment unit is mounted on the mounting plate on the back side; and the heat treatment unit comprises a heat treatment equipment box, a baffle plate, an L-shaped door plate, equipment box legs, an electric push rod, a support rod, an end rod, a through hole, a door plate shaft, a push-pull block, a hinge support, a heat conducting circular plate, a circularblind groove and an electric heating wire. The treatment mechanism can continuously perform the production steps of the engine cylinder, improves the production continuity, effectively improves the production efficiency, reduces the manual participation, and reduces the labor cost.