The invention discloses a series plasma pyrolysis flow reactor and an operation method thereof, which comprises a series flow pipe, a dielectric layer, a high-pressure copper plate, a low-pressure copper plate, an upper electrode shell, a lower electrode shell, an electrode connecting ear, a high-pressure electrode and a grounded electrode; the series flow pipe comprises a first-stagepyrolysis device, a second-stagepyrolysis device, an electrode fixing surface, a round pipe, an observation window, a temperature measuring port, a fuel inlet and a product outlet, the first-stagepyrolysis deviceand the second-stagepyrolysis device are arranged in the middle of the series flow pipe with a proper distance. The reactor has a compact structure and reasonable design; the second-stage pyrolysis device can be arranged at the back of the first-stagepyrolysis device to control the airflow velocity to change the residence time of a treated species in the two pyrolysis zones, so that the state of the species which reaches the secondpyrolysis device after first pyrolysis is different. The effects of treatment of stable species and pyrolysis of intermediate species by plasma on final pyrolysis products are studied.