The invention discloses a discrete manufacturing process product quality information management system based on RFID (radio frequency identification). The system provided by the invention is characterized in that a first handset, a label printer, an warehousing access control scanning reader, a second handset, a third handset, an ex-warehouse access control scanning reader, a warehouse management sub-system, a monitoring computer and a database are used for completing the warehouse management; a first fixed reader-writer, a fourth handset, a second fixed reader-writer, a fifth handset, an assembling management sub-system, the monitoring computer and the database are used for completing the assembling management; a sixth handset, an after-sale management sub-system, the monitoring computer and the database are used for completing the after-sale management; the product quality information management system is capable of transmitting the quality information between a planning level and a workshop level in an enterprise; and the top management can know the production progress and product quality in real time, can accurately position faulty products, rapidly and accurately find a reason causing the quality defect. The invention further discloses a product quality information management method.