The invention relates to a register renaming system and method for managing and renaming registers. The invention specifically provides the register renaming system for managing and renaming the registers by adopting multiple renamed register queues, and the system comprises a physical register group, a register alias table (RAT), an architecture register mapping table (ARMT), a select finger of the renamed register queues, a decoder, a logic register renaming device, an RAT modifying device and an updating device of the renamed register queues. In addition, the invention further provides the method for managing and renaming the registers by adopting the multiple renamed register queues. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, renaming operation can be simultaneously performed on the multiple registers within a same period, the implementation method is simple, the time cost is small, and the register renaming system and method are suitable for superscalar microprocessors with higher transmission width.