The invention discloses a seal damping vibration attenuation device with a self-adaptive eccentricity adjustment function, and belongs to the field of vibration control. The seal damping vibration attenuation device with the self-adaptive eccentricity adjustment function comprises a signal detection analysis and control system and an execution system. An active closed-loop control mode is adopted, the radial position of a sealing stator can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to the eccentric magnitude, the rotation speed, the vibration energy and other states of a rotor system, eccentricity of a rotor is reduced, and accordingly sealing excitation force is reduced; and meanwhile, timely and proper damping force is provided to act on the sealing stator, unstable energy of fluid in a sealing gap is dissipated, the action of sealing self-excited force on the rotor is reduced, and accordingly active vibration control over a rotor sealing system is achieved. The seal damping vibration attenuation device with the self-adaptive eccentricity adjustment function can effectively reduce eccentricity caused by different reasons and dissipate the sealing excitation energy generated under different working conditions, vibration control over the rotor sealing system under variable working conditions is achieved, excitation of sealing fluid is restrained, and stability of the rotor is improved.