The invention relates to the technical field of computer application, in particular to a calibration system and method based on an EXCEL data structure. The system is composed of two parts, namely a configuration library and calibrators, and externally connected with standard input and output; the configuration library comprises associated configuration information of a data structure and a data set, and provides rule bases for the calibrators; the two calibrators refer in particular to the data structure and the data set. First analysis matching is conducted on an EXCEL file through a structural calibrator, and if the matching fails, a prompt is given; if no prompt is given, on the basis of the successful first analysis matching, second analysis matching is conducted on the file by using a data calibrator, a matching result is only needed to meet a subclass of the data set, the file is stored in a classified mode according to the result and rules, otherwise, illegality is affirmed. The EXCEL data structure and the data set are stored in a configuration-based mode, the system has the advantages that the expansibility is good, the application range is wide, and the identifiability is high, and the system can be applied to multiple service-type systems to conduct legal check on files.