38 results about "Frost line" patented technology

The invention relates to a drainage system for a tunnel in a severe cold region, comprising an inverting and initial supporting layer, wherein a center water pipe groove extending along the center line of each tunnel is excavated below the inverting and initial supporting layer, the center water pipe groove is internally provided with a center water pipe communicated with a lining drainage blind pipe by virtue of a transverse water pipe, and the center water pipe is completely deeply buried when the length of the tunnel is less than or equal to four kilometres; when the length of the tunnel is more than four kilometres, the center water pipe two kilometres near the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel is completely deeply buried, and the center water pipe paved on the rest segment of the tunnel is shallowly buried; and a drainage surface of the center water pipe which is deeply buried is arranged below a local frost line. The drainage system provided by the invention can adapt different weather conditions in various regions, the characteristic that temperature inside the tunnel is higher is fully utilized, the center water pipe which is 2000m long is deeply buried at the two ends of the tunnel respectively, and buried depth of the center water pipe can be reduced inside the tunnel, so that construction labour hour can be reduced and material and manpower cost can be further saved.

A freeze resistant sanitary hydrant is provided that employs a reservoir for storage of fluid under the frost line or in an area not prone to freezing. To evacuate this reservoir, a venturi is provided that is able to function in hydrant systems that employ a vacuum breaker.

A flow meter that is easily and inexpensively installed in the casing of a well. The flow meter is able to improve the monitoring of private well water usage. The flow meter is typically disposed above an in-the-well pump and below an adapter that directs water outside of the well casing. The flow meter may be connected to a transmitter and antenna for broadcasting flow information to regulatory agencies using communication signals, such as radio frequency, infrared, or other communicating technology. The flow meter should optimally be located below the frost line inside of the casing in locations with cold temperatures. Power to operate the flow meter may be derived from a variety of sources, including a dedicated power line connected to a power source, such as a battery, power grid, or solar power. In addition, the flow meter may generate its own power from the flow of water through the meter.

An energy conserving active thermal insulation arrangement installed upon the ambient surface of an insulated structure employing alternately spaced insulated air channels and insulated conductive ply channels. A thin conductive ply conveys the energy by conduction from the airflow into the adjacent conductive ply channels, that contain an additional layer of foam which improves the conservation of energy. The conductive ply is placed above and below structural openings which would otherwise restrict airflow. The airflow is drawn from beneath the frost line, exhaust ventilation or sunspace. A math model solution determines the energy necessary to maintain a desired room temperature for each hour of the day which characterizes the thermal resistance. As the ambient temperature fluctuates, the resistance varies, however the energy for 24 hours is used to determine the total apparent resistance. Examples of apparent resistance R-value have been improved beyond any published resistance values to date.

Embodiments of the invention provide a method and a system for adjusting a frozen region in a spreadsheet. A dragging instruction of a user can be directly responded, a frost line is switched to a movable state, and then, the frost line is moved following the dragging instruction of the user, and a present frozen region is adjusted according to the frost line after movement. Therefore, a user does not need to perform a pane frosting operation after defrosting. The method and the system are more convenient in operation, rapid adjustment of the frozen region is realized, and usage feeling of a user is good.

The flow rate of water passing into a weir box and over a weir that is mounted on the weir box is determined using a sensor to continuously or intermittently obtain a measure of the water level within the weir box relative to the bottom of the weir notch to thereby determine the head of the water flowing over the weir which, in turn, translates into flow rate. The sensor is located in the interior of the sump which is in fluid communication with water within the weir box. The sump is positioned deeply enough within the ground so that the sensor is below the frost line and is not damaged upon freezing of the water within the weir box.

A drinking water facility for animals includes an elongate tank with an open upper end at or above ground level extending to a closed end below ground frost line with a water inlet source into the tank below the frost line. A pipe located within the tank serves as a conduit to cause a constant current through the pipe and exterior to pipe to prevent freezing of water in the tank. An induced Bernoulli effect aid in the proper circulation of water.

The invention discloses a pipeline laying method of a long-distance coal conveying pipeline. The method comprises the following steps that A, a pipeline is imbedded below a frost line, and an earth covering depth from the top of the pipeline to a natural terrace is not less than 1.0 m; B, when the pipeline is laid in a gravel area, the over excavation of 0.2 m is required, a fine earth or fine sand cushion layer which is 0.2 m thick is first paved necessarily at the bottom of a trench, and then, the pipeline can be lifted to be put in the trench after the fine earth or fine sand cushion layer is flat, when the trench for the pipeline in the gravel area is backfilled, the trench is first backfilled to 0.3 m above the top of the pipeline necessarily by using fine earth (sand), and then, the trench can be backfilled by using original earth, the maximal grain size of the backfilling fine earth is not more than 10 mm, and gravel blocks as the backfilling earth are not expected to be more than 250 mm; and C, accident cutoff valves and valve chests are arranged at two ends of the pipeline traversing a large river and at proper positions along the pipeline, and the pipelines within at least 50 m outside outer edge lines of two ends of the pipelines traversing large and medium rivers and gullies are expected to adopt a way the same as a traversing section. Not only is the wear to a pipe wall in a construction process reduced, but also the maintenance cost of the pipeline in a process that the pipeline is used for conveying coal slurry is reduced.

The present invention is directed to an apparatus for forming a multi-layer web formed from at least two polymeric film tubes in intimate contact with each other but not bonded to each other. The apparatus and method includes the use of a blown film extrusion die that extrudes two separate blown film polymeric tubes via two separate annular die lips. A fluid cooling system applies cooling fluid across a plurality of surfaces of the two blown film tubes. One of the die lips may be at a different height from the other die lip. The frost line of one blown film tube may be at a different height from the other blown film tube.

A system and method for structure heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) that uses a heat exchanger to transfer heat between the structure and a subsurface storm water discharge chamber system is disclosed. Coils for heat management exchange are located in permanently collected runoff within a storm water management system beneath the frost line; the use of coils located within the retained runoff allows for improved heat exchange over coils placed within soil. Also described are a sensing device and feedback loop for HVAC control, to improve efficiency at ambient temperatures near the subsurface temperature.

The invention relates to an energy-saving and firefighting system, which is particularly applied in the field of cold region tunnel safety firefighting, and discloses a tunnel energy-saving and firefighting system for a cold region. The tunnel energy-saving and firefighting system is characterized by comprising a water supply part, a conveying part and a self induction part, wherein the water supply part comprises a water container which is located below the frost line in the ground; a water container outlet and a water container inlet are formed in the water container; a first valve is arranged on a water supply pipe which is communicated with the water container inlet; the conveying part comprises a pipe and a pump; the self induction part comprises a smoke sensor; and the first valve of the water supply part, the pump of the conveying part, the smoke sensor which can automatically cut off the valve and the self induction part, are all connected with a controller through wires. The tunnel energy-saving and firefighting system provided by the invention not only reduces energy consumption, but also is simple in structure, convenient in construction and maintenance, so as to have great economic and social benefits.

A freeze resistant sanitary hydrant is provided that employs a reservoir for storage of fluid under the frost line or in an area not prone to freezing. To evacuate this reservoir, a venturi is provided that is able to function in hydrant systems that employ a vacuum breaker.

An energy conserving active thermal insulation arrangement installed upon the ambient surface of an insulated structure employing alternately spaced insulated air channels and insulated conductive ply channels. A thin conductive ply conveys the energy by conduction from the airflow into the adjacent conductive ply channels, that contain an additional layer of foam which improves the conservation of energy. The conductive ply is placed above and below structural openings which would otherwise restrict airflow. The airflow is drawn from beneath the frost line, exhaust ventilation or sunspace. A math model solution determines the energy necessary to maintain a desired room temperature for each hour of the day which characterizes the thermal resistance. As the ambient temperature fluctuates, the resistance varies, however the energy for 24 hours is used to determine the total apparent resistance. Examples of apparent resistance R-value have been improved beyond any published resistance values to date.

The invention discloses an anti-freezing structure for an iron tower and a foundation of a transmission line in a deep-water area of a severe cold region. The bottom periphery of an iron tower and a foundation are back-filled with a gravelly soil layer, the compactness of the gravelly soil layer is larger than or equal to 0.90, the back-filling compacting height is not less than 0.5 m above a frost line, the filling slope ratio of the gravelly soil layer is 1:(2.5-3.0), a sand bed is laid on the gravelly soil layer, and a concrete slab is arranged on the sand bed. The anti-freezing structure is safe and effective in freezing prevention of the iron tower and the foundation, simple and practical in structure, simple and convenient to construct and low in construction cost, and effectively prevents the iron tower and the foundation from damages caused by freezing.

An apparatus for producing an extruded film tube and supplying said tube to a collapsing and roller assembly includes a die for extruding a molten material in the form of a tube which is in a molten state below a frost line and in a solid state above the frost line. A blower system supplies and exhausts cooling air to and from an interior portion of the tube, and is regulated by a valve. At least two sensors are provided, one below the frost line for sensing the position of said tube, and one located proximate the tube in a position above said frost line. The upper sensor is used for sensing the position of the tube prior to collapsing and flattening it. A controller receives feedback signals from both sensors and controls operation of the valve.

A water hydrant for suppling potable water from a water source has an internal movable riser contained within a housing that extends beneath the ground to a depth below which freezing temperatures cannot reach. A chamber housing located at a distal end of the hydrant, beneath the frost line, contains a valve which may be actuated by the moving riser to provide a flow of water from the water source and through the riser. The chamber housing is configured to receive residual water from the riser when the flow of water has been shut off by the valve and to store the water beneath the frost line under sanitary conditions. A piston is disposed on a distal end of the riser, is slidably disposed within the chamber housing, and moves with the riser to expel water from the chamber housing when a handle of the hydrant is subsequently moved to reopen the valve.

The invention discloses a solar subsurface intermittent-aeration constructed wetland system applied to small towns in a cold region and relates to a wetland system applied to the small towns in a cold region. The solar subsurface intermittent-aeration constructed wetland system is mainly used for solving the technical problems that an existing constructed wetland system for the small towns in the cold region cannot be operated throughout the year, is high in operation cost, complex in management, low in dissolved oxygen in water and not good in treatment effect. The solar subsurface intermittent-aeration constructed wetland system consists of a slot body, a water inlet tube, a water outlet tube, a water distributing tube, a water collecting tube, an aeration tube, a solar panel power supply device and a water baffle, wherein the water baffle is arranged below a frost line and used for dividing the slot body into upper and lower layers; the perforated aeration tube is arranged on the bottom of the lower layer of the slot body; the perforated aeration tube is communicated with an air outlet of the air pump; and a power supply input end of the air pump is connected with the solar panel power supply device. The solar subsurface intermittent-aeration constructed wetland system can be operated in cold small towns throughout the year, is low in operation cost and simple to operate, and the water quality of operating effluent in a freeze-up period meets the national sewage emission standards. The solar subsurface intermittent-aeration constructed wetland system disclosed by the invention is applied to the sewage treatment field.

The invention discloses a cooling device for film blowing equipment. An air supply inlet facing upwards is arranged right in the center of an air supply base, an annular air flow is supplied to an inner cavity of the air supply base through a flow splitting mechanism, an air supply pipe surrounds the air supply base evenly and is connected with the inner cavity of the air supply base and an annular main air duct, the annular main air duct diverts to the inner side to form a first-level annular air duct and a second-level annular air duct, outlets of the first-level annular air duct and the second-level annular air duct both face upwards and mutually come together, an inlet of the first-level annular air duct is peripherally arranged on an air discharge regulating ring in the form of an inlet aperture array and is mutually communicated with the second-level annular air duct, the air discharge regulating ring only regulates the space of the second-level annular air duct and regulates thevelocity of both the first-level annular air duct and the second-level annular air duct, the air discharge regulating ring is provided with a closing structure for closing the second-level annular air duct, and the annular main air duct directly supplies air to the first-level annular air duct in the closing state. The device improves the cooling stability of a film blank, particularly a primarily extruded viscous-state film blank, and meanwhile, the forming effect of the film blank near to the part of the frost line is improved.

The invention discloses a method for treating a subgrade of a highway in a frozen soil region. The method comprises the following steps: a, thawing a frozen soil subgrade in a frost line in advance; b, excavating all thawed soil; c, laying a layer of coarse-grained soil and a reversed filter layer at the bottom of an excavation layer, and laying lime waterproof layers and gravel expansion guide layers on two sides; d, filling activated magnesia carbonized and cured sludge soil layer by layer and performing tamping reinforcement; e, compacting filled embankment filling soil and setting a coarse-grained soil layer containing an XPS insulation board below a pavement structure; f, setting waterproof protecting feet on two sides of an embankment respectively. Subgrade pre-thawing, filling treatment and soft soil carbonization and curing technologies for the frozen soil region are fully combined, the frozen soil subgrade is effectively reinforced, the engineering problems of refreezing and frost heaving of subgrade soil are well solved, non-uniform settling of the subgrade is further reduced, and the problem of secondary damage of the highway in the cold region is reduced greatly. The method has the advantages of being economic, environmentally friendly, safe, efficient, high in controllability, easy to operate and the like.

The invention provides a frozen soil preventing highway. Water-resisting layers are correspondingly arranged on the two sides, positioned under a frost line, of a roadbed; the roadbed is specifically a foam lightweight concrete material and extends a position below the frost line from a position above the ground line; and furthermore, protective layers are correspondingly arranged on the two sides, positioned between the ground line and the frost line, of the roadbed. According to the frozen soil preventing highway, one element of water is tried to be blocked; through the protective layers and the water-resisting layers, and the water is stopped from entering the roadbed from the two sides and the bottom of the roadbed so as to prevent the roadbed from generating freeze thawing. Through combination of novel roadbed filling foam lightweight concrete and the water-resisting layers and the protective layers, the roadbed is enabled to work in an environment without water, the freeze thawing damage to the roadbed is skillfully avoided, and the frozen soil preventing highway is especially suitable for seasonal frozen soil regions or permafrost regions.

A system for protecting a dock from ice damage. The system includes a circumferentially fluted, water-impermeable housing capable of longitudinal and radial expansion and contraction. The housing defines a cavity with upper and lower openings into the cavity through the housing. The openings are configured and arranged to engage a dock-supporting post at longitudinally spaced upper and lower points along the length of the post with the upper point positioned above the water line and the lower point positioned below the frost line.

A method of forming a film of a dynamically vulcanized alloy comprising at least one elastomer dispersed in domains of a thermoplastic resin, wherein the film is characterized by low shrinkage after completion of extruded film formation. The film has a film shrinkage of less than 1.5 percent, measured no earlier than 96 hours after film formation, relative to the film width measured immediately after film formation. During film formation, the extruded film is subjected to a cooling rate of less than 97° C. per second and the extruded film has a frost line greater than 135 mm.

The invention relates to a drainage system for a tunnel in a severe cold region, comprising an inverting and initial supporting layer, wherein a center water pipe groove extending along the center line of each tunnel is excavated below the inverting and initial supporting layer, the center water pipe groove is internally provided with a center water pipe communicated with a lining drainage blind pipe by virtue of a transverse water pipe, and the center water pipe is completely deeply buried when the length of the tunnel is less than or equal to four kilometres; when the length of the tunnel is more than four kilometres, the center water pipe two kilometres near the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel is completely deeply buried, and the center water pipe paved on the rest segment of the tunnel is shallowly buried; and a drainage surface of the center water pipe which is deeply buried is arranged below a local frost line. The drainage system provided by the invention can adapt different weather conditions in various regions, the characteristic that temperature inside the tunnel is higher is fully utilized, the center water pipe which is 2000m long is deeply buried at the two ends of the tunnel respectively, and buried depth of the center water pipe can be reduced inside the tunnel, so that construction labour hour can be reduced and material and manpower cost can be further saved.

A freeze resistant sanitary hydrant is provided that employs a reservoir for storage of fluid under the frost line or in an area not prone to freezing. To evacuate this reservoir, a means for altering pressure is provided that is able to function in hydrant systems that employ a vacuum breaker.

The invention provides a flow limiting device for a frost flushing pipeline of a refrigerator, which belongs to the technical field of safety equipment. The invention solves the problems that the existing refrigerating machine frosting pipeline is not easy to be frosted and has poor safety. The flow limiting device of the frosting pipeline of this freezer, the frosting pipeline includes the frosting pipe, the flow limiting device includes flange 1, flange 2, barrel section 1, barrel section 2 and spring, flange 1 is connected to the frosting The end of the pipe, the bottom end of the barrel section 2 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the flange hole of the flange 2, and the lower wall of the barrel section 2 has several through holes distributed along the circumferential direction of the barrel section 2, and the barrel section 2 One is built into the frosting pipe, and the lower part of cylinder section 1 slides and sleeves on cylinder section 2. When cylinder section 1 moves down, cylinder section 1 can cover the through hole 1, and the top of cylinder section 1 is fixedly connected with The top cover has a through hole 2 on the top cover, the top of the spring is against the bottom surface of the top cover, and the bottom of the spring is against the top of the cylinder section 2. It can self-adaptively adjust the flow of hot ammonia used for frosting, and has good safety.