The invention applies to a distributed fiber sensing monitoring system, and specifically relates to a chaotic Brillouin light time domain / coherence domain fusion analytical equipment and method; the equipment comprises a chaotic laser, a first optical isolator, a 1*2 fiber coupler, a first fiber polarization controller, a first high speed electric light modulator, a microwave signal source, a fiber grating, a first light circulator, a second fiber polarization controller, a second high speed electric light modulator, a pulse generator, a light scrambler, a light amplifier, a second optical isolator, a sensing fiber, a second light circulator, a tunable light filter, and an optical power detector; the equipment combines the advantages of an existing BOCDA system and a BOTDA system; the conventional BOTDA system spatial resolution is limited; the conventional BOCDA system uses continuous light as a detection signal, so the sensing distance has fuzzy distance problems, wherein the continuous light frequency is modulated by the sine or the continuous light phase is modulated by the pseudo random sequence; the long distance and high spatial resolution of the conventional distributed sensing system cannot be fully considered; the chaotic Brillouin light time domain / coherence domain fusion analytical equipment and method can solve said problems.