The invention discloses a GPS (Global Position System) spatio-temporal data increment road network real-time updating and trace matching system, which comprises a data acquisition module, a GPS spatio-temporal data module, a data pre-processing module, a map trace matching module, a road network generating module and an increment road network updating module. According to the system, the acquired data recorded by a GPS positioner and provided with time and space attributes is pre-processed, a map is matched, a road is generated, a newly formed road section is compared with road network data recorded in a database, road network information is updated, and thus road network data is updated. According to the GPS spatio-temporal data increment road network real-time updating and trace matching system provided by the invention, the road network information is compared continuously with incremental data information, so that a real-time capability is realized, road position information is more accurate along with the increment of data, and roads which are not contained in the road network information are updated.