The invention discloses a device for treating waste water with a microwave electrodeless excimer lamp and a gas distributing system for the electrodeless excimer lamp in the device. A waster water treatment pond of the device is arranged below the shell of a microwave generator; 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the electrodeless excimer lamp is fixed in a resonant cavity, and the part of the electrodeless excimer lamp, which is not arranged in the resonant cavity, is sheathed with a quartz casing tube with a closed lower end; the microwave generator comprises a fan and a cooling copper tube which are used for cooling the resonant cavity, the fan is fixed on the inner side wall of the shell, and the cooling copper tube is welded around the external surface of the shell; the gas distributing system for the electrodeless excimer lamp is also provided with a cold well in front of a vacuum pump; and the pipeline, which is connected with a third port of a second three-way valve, is connected with a gas bottle, a gas storage bottle, a pressure indicating meter, a buffer bottle and a gas filling pipeline in parallel. The vacuum gas distributing system has a high vacuum degree, and can fill different gases according to the specific ultraviolet wavelength required by waste water treatment, so that the electrodeless excimer lamp can emit ultraviolet light with high intensity and high light effect.