The invention discloses a rapid calibration method for plastic constitutive parameters of a polycrystalline
crystal. The rapid calibration method comprises the following steps: carrying out EBSD characterization on a
metal material; establishing a-cube element polycrystalline geometric model, and endowing constitutive parameters and
grain orientation by means of a Python script; writing a
crystal plasticity constitutive model subprogram UMAT; applying a periodic boundary condition by means of a Python script; extracting a stress-strain relationship of the polycrystalline model, and interpolating
test data to calculation data points; using
uniaxial tension and fatigue test stress-strain / stress-
time data to calibrate constitutive parameters; taking the sum of squares of differences of test and
simulation data points as an optimization target, and performing iterative optimization by adopting a Hook-Jeeves optimization
algorithm; constitutive parameters are adjusted through an iterative
algorithm, and material parameters are updated by means of a Python script. The method can reflect the mechanical properties of the material, remarkably reduces the finite element calculation consumption, shortens the optimization period, and improves the parameter calibration efficiency.